Page 664 - Makino,Tsutusi.DictionaryOfIntermediateJGrammar
P. 664

*:   *?
          (el  gi z~B~~G-$~~I;$L@LTF;~~
              (If he doesn't listen, threaten him a little.)


          1.  Yam is one of  the  "giving"  auxiliary verbs meaning  'do  s.t.  for  KO.'
             However,  it  is  also  used  when  A  does  something undesirable to  B
             knowing that A's  deed will cause B difficulty. For example, KS  states
             that the speaker teased Tadashi, with the implication that he knew that it
             would make trouble for Tadashi. Compare KS with (I), which is a neu-
             tral statement and conveys no such implication.
               (1)  $L122%fi'%fi'7ko
                   (I teased Tadashi.)
                                              (+aged  (DBJG: 65-67))
          2.  The subject of  Vte yam is the first person in declarative sentences and
             the second person in interrogative sentences, commands, requests, or
             suggestions. (2) is ungrammatical unless the speaker / writer is totally
             empathetic with Taro.






           I.  The auxiliary verb kurem, which usually means 'do s.t. for me,'  is also
             used when an action causes difficulty, as in [I]. Here, kurem expresses
             strong feelings of  unhappiness, anger, etc., on the side of  the person
             who is affected by the action.
               [I]  a.   'SrlI -d~kiLTeG-b~Zk%L7<fik0
                      (Jerry did a temble thing to me.)
                   b.  1 <  6 % % ~~VJ%!-T- < hfL ;h&  [female speech]
                      (You really disgraced me!)
             Note that in the above sentences the verb phrases tondemonai koto o
             sum 'to do a temble thing'  and haji o kakasem  'to disgrace' represent
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