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Modern Geomatics Technologies and Applications

levels. Egypt was the only African country considered as a high-risk area with the confidence level of 95%. There were also
three other high-risk countries with the same value of confidence levels (95%), including Iraq, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

Fig. 3. Hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) of COVID-19 CIRs

4. Conclusion

Until January 9, 2021, the incidence rates of COVID-19 demonstrated that the disease was concentrated in almost all
regions of Europe and some countries in the continent America, namely the United States, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and
Panama. However, African countries were less infected.
The spatial distribution of the disease was highly clustered, especially in Europe, given the z-score of 14.48, obtained by
Moran’s I analysis.
According to hot spot analysis results, countries in Europe continent were the most dangerous regions throughout the
world in terms of COVID-19 prevalence, compared to Africa, which had the lowest risks of COVID-19 spread.
Although in some countries CIR values were extremely high, death rates were low, such as Bahrain, Qatar, Andorra, San
Marino, Slovenia, Czech Republic, and United Kingdom.
The advantage of the current research is the large scale of the data and samples used in modeling processes. The spatial
pattern analysis of COVID-19 incidence rates and the analysis of high and low-risk regions globally, can help policymakers to
take necessary actions.

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