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Modern Geomatics Technologies and Applications

been used to analyze cyclists' behavior and to link cycling and health [13]. Griffin and Zhao [8] used Strava metro cycling data
for Travis City in the US. They examined the relationship between the number of bicycle trips with spatial and road network
variables [8]. Sun et al. [17] used Strava metro data in Glasgow. By comparing the Strava data and the mean daily reference
data, they found that the strava data had a higher spatial resolution and spatio-temporal extent than the reference data. Also,
exposure to air pollution during active trips was investigated using the time spent by people during active travel on each street.
The results showed that cyclists inhaled pollutions more than three times as much as pedestrians during their commuting trips
[17].
A review of studies shows that although taking active travel in urban commuting as an alternative mode of motor transport
has health benefits due to increased physical activity, it also poses risks such as accidents and exposure to air pollution [4].
Simultaneous analysis of the benefits and costs of active trips enables the presentation of a bicycle travel routing model to
maximize profits and minimize costs. The proposed routing model is expected to increase the use of active trips.
The remaining of the paper is structured as follows. Section 2 addresses the methodology. In Section 3, the results are
discussed and the conclusions are drawn in Section 4.
2. Methodology

2.1. Dataset

The data used in this study include VGI data of bike trips in Glasgow, air pollution data and environmental characteristics
data. Strava Metro Data: Strava is a popular mobile application and website for cyclists and pedestrians that enables them to
track their cycling and walking using GPS trajectory data and user-tracked route loading. Users can also add text and photo
information. The app also uses the flag to indicate that walking and bicycle trips are to or from work (Riordan, 2016). To protect
the privacy and prepare data for use in the GIS environment, Strava Metro removes personal information from track data and
then by using Map Machining algorithms depicts trajectory data on the edges or road network. In line with privacy, strava
aggregates trips on an edge instead of raw track data and provide the number of trips per edge. The Urban Big Data Centre, UK
offers a Strava Metro dataset to researchers [2]. The study used data from strava bike trips for the year 2016 in Glasgow. These
data included 359945 trips, of which 243345 are commute trips and 116622 are non-commute trips (Fig.1).

Fig. 1. Nodes and edges of Strava Metro data (Basemap: OpenStreetMap, licensed under the Open Database License) [17]
Air Pollution Data: In this study, a contamination particle with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) was used to
measure the level of air pollution in the city, which has been commonly used in past researches [10]. PM2.5 air pollution map
downloaded from Air Quality in Scotland website for the year 2016 and has a pixel size of 1km × 1km. The baseline map for
2013 was used to produce the contamination map and is estimated for different years. The 2013 map is based on meteorological
data. As shown in Fig. 2, the central and crowded areas of the city are more polluted than the green areas in the north of the city.

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