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EXISTING SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT FLOWS
Investment Sources, Actors and Instruments
SOURCES ACTORS INSTRUMENTS
National and sub-national governments Equity
(e.g. ETF, venture capital, preferred
State-owned entities (e.g. bilateral development equity, own contributed capital)
Public
agencies, national development banks, export-
(e.g. savings, revenues or credit agencies or municipal corporations
taxes) Debt
(e.g. loans, green bonds, municipal
International development organizations (e.g.
multilateral development banks or UN agencies) bonds, concessional lending,
convertible debt or Sukuk)
Institutional investors (e.g. wealth funds, insurance
companies or investment funds Grant
(e.g. technical assistance, climate
Private investors (e.g. banks, project developers, funds, subsidies or sinking fund)
ESCOs, crowdfunding and microfinance)
Private
(e.g. savings, check money, Philanthropic organizations (e.g. private Risk Mitigation
stocks or shares) foundations or endowments) (applying equity, debt and grant
instruments e.g. in sustainable
insurances, sustainable credit
Individuals and civil society (e.g. households, non-
governmental organizations or crowdsourcing enhancement)
initiatives)
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