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EXISTING SUSTAINABLE INVESTMENT FLOWS






                            Investment Sources, Actors and Instruments


                                  SOURCES                                                  ACTORS                                                INSTRUMENTS

                                                                             National and sub-national governments                                      Equity

                                                                                                                                           (e.g. ETF, venture capital, preferred
                                                                         State-owned entities (e.g. bilateral development                    equity, own contributed capital)
                                      Public
                                                                          agencies, national development banks, export-
                             (e.g. savings, revenues or                      credit agencies or municipal corporations
                                       taxes)                                                                                                            Debt
                                                                                                                                           (e.g. loans, green bonds, municipal
                                                                          International development organizations (e.g.
                                                                         multilateral development banks or UN agencies)                       bonds, concessional lending,
                                                                                                                                               convertible debt or Sukuk)
                                                                        Institutional investors (e.g. wealth funds, insurance
                                                                                 companies or investment funds                                           Grant

                                                                                                                                            (e.g. technical assistance, climate
                                                                         Private investors (e.g. banks, project developers,                 funds, subsidies or sinking fund)
                                                                             ESCOs, crowdfunding and microfinance)
                                     Private
                            (e.g. savings, check money,                      Philanthropic organizations (e.g. private                             Risk Mitigation
                                 stocks or shares)                                foundations or endowments)                                 (applying equity, debt and grant
                                                                                                                                             instruments e.g. in sustainable
                                                                                                                                              insurances, sustainable credit
                                                                        Individuals and civil society (e.g. households, non-
                                                                          governmental organizations or crowdsourcing                                enhancement)
                                                                                            initiatives)



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