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restitution and return of cultural objects, and the provision of any

remedies, such as compensation, needed to effect restitution in

some States, do not imply that such remedies should be adopted

in other States. The adoption of the provisions of this Convention

for the future confers no approval of illegal transactions of any

kind which may have occurred before the entry into force of the

Convention; so that it initiates a process that will enhance

international cultural co-operation and in the meantime maintains

legal trading and inter-State agreements for cultural exchanges.

4- Cultural Heritage Legislation in Egypt

A- Historical background:

The looting of art and antiquities is an ancient practice and in the

twentieth century it grew exponentially, and it is the third most

profitable after drug and arms trafficking. Countries like Italy,

Greece, Turkey and African countries suffered a lot from

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