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IDlt Present Simple passive; Past Simple m used to 108 p80

passive 10A · p79 • We use used to to talk about past habits and repeated actions:
'Shopping girlfriends' used to help men choose clothes.
subject verb object
• We can use used to with state verbs (be, like, have, want, etc.):
active
It used to have a special room only for men. For common state
verbs, see IH;t!iWiCi;fft.

passive • After used to we use the infinitive: 50 years ago you didn't
use to see skincare products for men.
• In the active sentence the focus is on the person or thing • We can't use used to for an action that only happened once:
doing the action (Michael Jackson). London's first department store opened in 1909. not London's
• In the passive sentence the focus is on the person or thing first department store used to open in 1909.
that the action happened to (the glove).
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
• The object of the active sentence (the glove) becomes the
• Positive and negative sentences with used to/didn't use to are
subject of the passive sentence.
the same for all subjects(/, you, we, they, etc.).
• In passive sentences we can use by to say who did the
action (the agent): This glove was worn by Michael Jackson. • We make positive sentences with: subject+ used to+ infinitive.
They used to do the shopping.
• We often use the passive when we don't know who or what
did the action: A signed copy of a Harry Potter book was • We make negative sentences with: subject + didn't use to+
sold for £15,000. (We don't know who bought the book). infinitive. They didn't use to buy the food.
• To make the Present Simple passive we use: TIP• In the negative we can use didn't use to or never used to:
subject + am, is or are + past participle Most married men never used to do the food shopping.
Thousands of items are bought and sold every day. WH- QUESTIONS
Beatles memorabilia is collected by fans all over the world.
question did subject use to infinitive
• To make the Past Simple passive we use: word
subject + was or were + past participle
www.english0905.com single men use to do?
What
did
John Lennon's white piano was sold for £140,000.
Where did you use to live?
The books were signed by the author, JK Rowling.
• To make negative passive sentences, we use a negative form When did she use to play?
of be: These computers aren't made in Japan.
YES/NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
QUESTIONS
Did women use to do all the Yes, they did.
We make questions in the passive with:
shopping? No, they didn't.
(question word) + be + subject + past participle
Did you use to work in Selfridges? Yes, I did./No, I didn't.
Where is memorabilia sold?
Where are Volvo cars made?
TIP • We can only use used to to talk about the past. When we
Who was the piano bought by?
want to talk about the present, we use usually + Present Simple:
How much were the lyrics sold for?
I used to get up early (but I don't get up early now). I usually get
Was the book signed by the author?
up early (I get up early now).
1;1@1'Jnrn!•> ----------------------------------------

9 What sales assistants say 100 p84 E What customers say 100 · p84

When you're looking I'm just looking, thanks.
Would you like any help? Excuse me.
• • • •
The fitting room is over there. Could I try this on, please?
. . '
Let me know if you need a different size. Could I try a (smaller) size?
It's in the sale. It's half price. If I bring it back, can I get a refund?
• •
Would you like to try it on? OK, I'll take it.
When you buy something Have you got thi s in a (medium), please?
You have twenty-eight days to bring it back. I'll pay by cash.
We don't give refunds on sale items. TIPS • We can say pay by cash, pay with cash or pay cash.
How would you like to pay?
• We can say pay by cheque/credit card, but not pay Vlith
Here's your receipt.
cheque/-credit card.
Would you like your receipt in the bag?
•