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                                                               Oguh et al.; AJBGE, 2(3): 1-18, 2019; Article no.AJBGE.53356
                                                                                         Ar
                                                                                              no.
                                                                                          ticle






















































                                       Fig. 5. Names, structure and leaves of biopesticidess
                                       Fig. 5 .  N a m es,   struc t ur e  a nd l e aves of biop e s t ic i de

                                   M

                        ENE
                                                          OF
                                                 C
                                    O
                            R
                                                    ION
                              A
                               L
                                                   T

                                           O
                      G
                                                                persist in the environment, much safer to handle e
                                       E
                                      D
                                             F
                                                A
                    4. GENERAL  MODE  OF  ACTION  OF            p e r si st  in  th e  e nv ir onm e nt,   much   s af er  to  h a nd l
                                                                  d
                                                                                c
                                                                a
                                                                                  mpared
                                                                 n
                                                                                o
                                                                      p

                                                                       l
                                                                        y
                                                                          whe
                                                                             n

                                                                    ap

                                                                                            most
                                                                                                   emi

                                                                                         to
                                                                                                      cal

                                                                                                  h
                                                                                                 c
                      NATURAL PESTICIDES                        and  apply  when  compared  to  most  chemical
                                                                        ,
                                                                                           er
                                                                 e
                                                                                                     f
                                                                                                 bene
                                                                   ticide
                                                                  s
                                                                                             ve
                                                                       s

                                                                                     o
                                                                                                       ia
                                                                               te
                                                                                                        l
                                                                                  d
                                                                                    t
                                                                                 n
                                                                                                      c
                                                                                                      i
                                                                          an
                                                                            d
                                                                                        p
                                                                                         res

                                                                pesticides,  and  tend  to  preserve  beneficial
                                                   a
                                                       o
                                                    na
                                                      t
                                                        mic
                                                o
                                                           al,

                                                 f
                                                                                        f
                                                                                           t

                                                                                       o
                                                                                           h
                                                                                               b
                    Mode  of  action  is  the  sum  of  anatomical,     organisms.  The  most  of  the  bioio-rational
                                                                                            e
                    Mo
                                                                                    t
                                                                      ms
                                                                        .
                                                                o
                                                                 rganis
                                                                           T
                                                                                m
                                                                                  os
                                                                            he

                           f
                          o

                      d
                                           sum

                                    is
                       e
                             action

                                       the
                             a
                                an
                                                      o
                                           c
                                    bio
                          o
                                      c
                                                                insecticides have diverse modes of action, show
                                                          a
                                                           nd
                                        emi
                                       h
                           gic
                    physiological  and  biochemical  interactions  and     insec ti ci de s  ha ve   div e rs e   modes  o f  a c t io n,   s h ow
                                                       ns
                              l
                    p
                       s
                                                t
                     hy
                                                 e
                                  d

                                               in
                                            al
                        iol
                                                  racti
                                                                effectiveness against different strains of resistant
                    re sp o n s es    that   r esult   in   p    to x i c   ac t io n    of   a    e ff e c ti v e n ess  a ga inst   diffe re nt  strai n s  o f  r e s is tant
                    responses  that  result  in  p  toxic  action  of  a
                                      th
                    chemical,  as  well  as  the  physical  (location)  and     species,  with  no  evidence  of  cross-resistance,
                    c
                                                                   ci
                                                                                  d

                                                           nd

                                                                                      e
                                                                          h

                                                                 pe
                                                                            n
                                                                                    nc
                              s
                                                                s
                            a
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                     he
                                                                         it
                                                                                   e
                                  ll
                                                                    e
                                                 (l
                                                    at
                                            y
                          a
                       mic
                                                                                           c
                                                                      ,
                                 e
                                                                             o
                                                  o
                                                   c
                                                                                           r

                                                                                            oss
                                             sica
                                                                                        of
                               w

                                                                                vi
                                                          a
                                   as
                                                                               e
                                                                        w
                                                      ion)
                                                l
                           l,
                                                                     s
                                          ph
                                                                                            a
                                                                                             nce
                                                                                           st
                                                                                         s
                                                                                          i
                                                                                                 t
                                                                                                    n
                                                                                                     sect
                                                                                                    i
                                                                                                  o

                    molecular  (degradation)  fate  of  the  chemical  in
                    mo l e c u l a r    ( d e gra dat io n )    fa te   o f   th e   c h emi cal   i n   has  assisted  in  managing  resistance  to  insect
                                                                                        r
                                                                                        e
                                                                                 l
                                                                                                   i
                                                                                                    n

                                                                                  ay
                    the organism. These compounds have achieved     pests and they can play an important role in IRM IRM


                                                                             can
                                                                                            a
                                                                                     n
                                                                                       im
                                                                                p
                                                                                         port
                                                                                    a
                                                                                             nt
                                                                                               role
                                                      c
                                               s
                                                                p
                                                        i
                                                                 e
                                                                     and
                                                                   ts



                                                       h
                                                                        th
                                             nd
                                                 h
                                                     a
                                                                          ey
                                                           ed
                                                         e
                                                  ave
                                                          v
                                                                  s
                                                                                          s
                                                                                        p
                                              o


                                                                                         e
                                                       nager
                                         go
                                                                                                    ne
                          cu
                                                                                                  re
                                                                                               s
                                                  s
                                                                                             de
                       era
                                                                                                 a
                                                pe
                                            l

                                               f
                                                     ma
                      v
                                                                                           ti
                                                                                            ci
                                                   t
                                           a
                         l

                                                                                   o
                                 y
                                                                                                      rve
                     e

                                                                                  ti
                                    si
                                      red
                                                                                 r
                             rentl
                                                                                 a
                    s several currently desired goals of pest managers     strategies. Most bio-rational pesticides are nerve
                                                            s
                                                                                       l
                                                                                      a
                                             s
                                  de
                            r
                                                                                    n
                                                                               t

                    and the greater public demands. These are very
                                                                        cting

                                                                              a
                                                                                                e
                                                                                               it
                                                                       a
                    a n d  th e   gre a te r  publ ic   de m a n d s .  T h e s e  a r e   ve r y   poisons  acting  at  specific  target  sites  in  the e

                                                                                                 s
                                                                                              s
                                                                                   ec
                                                                                                      t

                                                                                                   in
                                                                                        t
                                                                                     ifi
                                                                                         arg
                                                                p
                                                                                           et
                                                                                 sp
                                                                                      c
                                                                                                       h
                                                                  i
                                                                 o
                                                                  sons
                                             e
                                              s
                     e
                      lec
                    s selective,  targeting  just  the  pest,  usually  do  not     insec t's    ner vou s   s y s t e m .   So m e    insect i c id es   act
                                               t,


                            tar
                                                                insect's  nervous  system.  Some  insecticides  act


                                        th
                                                          not
                                       t

                                  n
                                   g
                                     j
                                      s
                               geti
                                     u
                                                   u
                         ve
                                                    a
                        ti
                                                 u
                                            p
                                                  s


                                                       do
                           ,
                                          e
                                                     l
                                                     l
                                                      y

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