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Oguh et al.; AJBGE, 2(3): 1-18, 2019; Article no.AJBGE.53356

between biopesticides and conventional 6. There are no legal registrations
pesticides are target species specificity, generally establishing their use.
non-toxic mode of action and natural occurrence 7. Not all recommendations followed by
of the bio-rational agents. These factors provide growers have been scientifically verified.
the basis for the expectation that many classes 8. Short residual activity (some users
of bio-rational pest control agents pose a lower consider this to be an advantage), maybe
potential hazard than conventional pesticides more expensive than older conventional
and support the approach to testing needed for pesticides, and somewhat less pest-
the registration of manufacturing product. Thus, specific, especially when compared to
the Environmental Protection Act in various newer synthetic pesticides.
states has framed a number of rules and
regulations to check the application of chemical 4.5 Pest Management
control agents in nature [52].
Pest management is a way to keep pests below
4.3 Advantages of Natural Pesticides the levels where they can cause economic
damage. Management does not mean
1. Plants producing the above-mentioned eradicating pests. It means finding tactics that
compounds are known by the farmer are effective and economical, and that keep
because most of the time they grow in the environmental damage to a minimum. The IPM is
same general area. the managing of crops using many tactics to
2. Eco-friendly safer for user/applicator, and keep pest levels below an economic threshold.
very effective when used correctly. The IPM has been developing as a way to
3. Often these plants also have other uses control pests without relying solely on pesticide.
like household insect repellents or are Integrated pest management is a systematic plan
plants with medicinal applications. which brings together different pest-control
4. The rapid degradation of the active product tactics into one program. It reduces the emphasis
may be convenient as it reduces the risk of on pesticides by including cultural, biological,
residues on food. genetic, physical, regulatory, and mechanical
5. Some of these products may be used controls. To carry out an IPM program, you need
shortly before harvesting. to scout and monitor your fields, recognize
6. Many of these products act very quickly abnormal conditions and identify their causes,
inhibiting insect feeding even though long understand the different control methods
term they do (will?) not cause insect death. available, and determine the economic costs and
7. Since most of these products have a benefits. A good IPM program requires planning,
stomach action and are rapidly monitory and evaluation. Pest management are
decomposed they may be more selective very site-specific. Pest management is based on
to insect pests and less aggressive with the identification of pests, accurate measurement
natural enemies. of pest populations, assessment of damage
8. Most of these compounds are not levels, and knowledge of available pest
phytotoxic. management strategies or tactics that enable the
9. Resistance to these compounds is not specialist to make intelligent decisions about
developed as quickly as with synthetic control. The IPM offers the possibility of
pesticides. improving the effectiveness of pest control
programs while reducing some of the negative
4.4 Disadvantages of Natural Pesticides effects. Many successful IPM programs have
reduced pesticide use and increased protection
1. Most of these products are not truly of the environment.
pesticides since many are merely insect
deterrents and their effect is slow. 5. CONCLUSION
2. They are rapidly degraded by UV light so
that their residual action is short. Soil pollution, Air pollution has occurred from the
3. Not all plant pesticides are less toxic to use of synthetic pesticides and it takes years and
other animals than synthetic ones. sometimes decades for some of these chemicals
4. They are not necessarily available season to break down. These pesticides are also harmful
long. to the animal, microorganisms, plants as well as
5. Most of them have no established residue human health. Luckily there are many Natural
tolerances. pesticides (Biopesticides) that are also effective

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