Page 11 - Yangdetang Coollection of Jades November 2017 HK

fig. 2 First exhibition of the Yangdetang Collection in the Chang Foundation
圖二 養德堂藏玉第一次展出於台北鴻禧美術館
Lot 2701
拍品 2701
如分佈於今日遼寧、內蒙交界一帶的興隆洼文化，出土甚多
耳飾玦、匕形飾；分佈於黑龍江及其支流烏蘇里江一帶的新
開流文化，出土甚多小環、小璧。
直到公元前 5000 年前後，華西地區才出現玉器。分佈於黃河
上中游的仰韶文化早期遺址，如：陝西漢中的龍崗寺、甘肅
秦安大地灣等，出土不少玉質鑿、錛、斧、鏟、刀等工具，
也見簡單的玉墜飾。無論在華東或華西，玉器常出於比較大
的墓穴中，墓內可能也有較豐富的其它隨葬品；由此可知，
公元前五、六千年社會已開始分化，屬稀有資源的美玉多為
統治階層壟斷，此時的玉器已是象徵所有者身份的「瑞器」。
養德堂藏有一對耳飾玦（拍品 2701）。由於它略帶方圓形的
敦厚造型，較相似於內蒙古赤峰白音長汗出土的耳飾玦，而在
日本桑野及西伯利亞 Yakut 遺址也出有這種方圓形耳飾玦，故 Culture located around the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) and its
可暫定它屬興隆洼文化晚期至紅山文化早期（約公元前 5500-
4000 年）的遺物。
North-East and South-West axis: Greater Khingan Mountains
(Daxing’anling),Taihang Mountains,Wu Mountains and Xuefeng
Mountains. To the West of this range are mountains or high
plateaux, constituting the dry Huaxi (China’s Western region) area.
To the East, it is mostly plains and low hills bordering on the sea,
forming the low and humid Huadong (China’s Eastern region)
area. The differences in biogeography resulted in varied cultural
landscapes. From very early on, the Chinese jade culture developed
different styles in the East and West.
From making and polishing stone tools, the prehistorical people
discovered a special mineral that was hard, strong and durable, and
gave a beautiful luster when polished – what we now call ‘jade’. It
was first used for ornaments and tools. It was probably a symbol
of special status for the owner, but not yet a conduit between man
and spirit.
Probably for geological reasons, it was difficult to extract jade
in Western China area. Records show that the Eastern Chinese
people were the first to develop jade workmanship. Around 6000
B.C., they started using nephrite to make ornaments and simple
tools like axes and adzes. The Xinglongwa Culture at the border
of Liaoning and Inner Mongolia, for example, yielded many
circular ear-ornaments and knife-shaped ornaments.The Xinkailiu
tributary the Ussuri River (Usulijiang), yielded many small jade
huan and bi discs.
Not until around 5000 B.C. did jade start to appear in the Western
China area. The Yangshao Culture sites located around the upper
to middle course of the Yellow River, such as the Longgangsi site
in Hanzhong, Shaanxi and the Dadiwan site in Qin’an, Gansu,
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