Page 19 - Yangdetang Coollection of Jades November 2017 HK

Lot 2714 器表所刻劃的側身虎，虎頭造型卻接近後石家河文化風格，
拍品 2714 虎口下方還有「戴覆舟形帽」的「披髮」神祖。後者也常出
現於後石家河文化中。
Lot 2711
拍品 2711 為何山東龍山文化玉鉞上刻了具後石家河文化風格的紋飾？這
紋飾是表現「虎食人」？還是「神虎呵護神祖」呢？值得研究。
Lot 2722
拍品 2722 二里頭文化（約公元前 1800-1550 年）分佈於河南偃師二里頭
一帶，可能是歷史上夏王朝晚期的政治中心。養德堂藏有多件
Lot 2721 可能屬二里頭文化的遺物，多帶有源自『介』字冠頂」的「華
拍品 2721 東式扉牙」，其中一件明顯是用玉璧改製。（拍品 2718）。

華東、華西文化的融合
（約公元前 1600 至公元 220 年）

夏、商、周，史稱「三代」，是分屬華西、華東、華西的不
同氏族，先後稱霸中原的三個王朝。

可能屬夏王朝的二里頭文化，出土玉器既有華西風格的大刀、
牙璋、玉戈，也有屬華東風格的器類與文化符碼，那就是從
後石家河文化神祖像發展而成的「柄形器」，以及戚、刀等
玉兵的器緣裝飾「華東式扉牙」。

華東的商族滅了夏王朝後，牙璋、長刀退出中原舞台，象徵
神祖的柄形器與玉戈成為商至西周的主要玉禮器。林巳奈夫

trapezoid form, it should be categorized as a jade weapon from the
Longshan Culture in Shandong. However, the head of the incised
profile of tiger is stylistically closely related to Post-Shijiahe
Culture. Below the tiger’s mouth is a deity-ancestor wearing a
capsized boat-shaped hat and with loose hair, also frequently seen
in Post-Shijiahe Culture.

Why would a Longshan Culture jade yue adze be carved with
Post-Shijiahe Culture decorations? Is the decoration illustrating
‘tiger eating man’ or ‘tiger spirit protecting deity-ancestor’? This
calls for further research.

The Erlitou Culture (circa 1800-1550 B.C.) located around
Erlitou in Yanshi, Henan, was probably the political centre of
late Xia Dynasty. There are many examples in the Yangdetang
Collection that may be dated to the Erlitou Culture, and many are
carved with the ‘Eastern China-style tooth marks’ design evolved
from the ‘pointed headdress’. One of them are clearly adapted
from a jade bi disc (lot 2718).

THE FUSION PERIOD OF EASTERN AND
WESTERN CULTURES (CIRCA 1600-220
B.C.)

The Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties are called ‘The Three
Dynasties’ by historians, and were governed by Western, Eastern
and Western Chinese peoples respectively; they were three
successive dominant dynasties in Central China.

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