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СPROFESSIONAL ADVICE                                                                   PROFESSIONAL ADVICE

 • aggregation  by  attachment,  when  various      This approach will make it possible to specialize the manufacture of units as independent
 dependent  components  can  be attached  to the   products, the correct functioning of which could be checked regardless of the entire machine as
 base component;  a whole.
 •  aggregates, units, parts (for example, modular      The first prerequisite for the development of the aggregation method is the division of
 machines; rotary indexing tables + power units:   products into separate units that are distinguished by their structural completeness. As practice
 main movement mechanism and feed mechanism);  has shown, many parts, units and assemblies of different design perform the same functions in
 • aggregation by change, when an object can use   machines, which means that the development of their unified models significantly expands the
 all sorts of options for components with different   capabilities of the aggregation method.
 layouts (for example, different options for a car      The introduction of aggregation makes it possible to move from the design and production
 body on the same chassis, etc.).  of expensive original equipment, machines and devices to their creation based on standard
     The  rational  division of  equipment,  the   unified aggregates.
 creation of a list of units and assembly units that
 fully meet  the  requirements  of  production  have
 great importance.
 Fig 1. Modern machine tools with programmed control.     The division of equipment design must be
 such that the maximum number of equipment layouts can be created from the minimum number
 of unit sizes.
    The result of this work should be parametric standards and technical specifications for
 the design of assembly units. The development of schemes of optimal layouts allows to create,
 depending on the type of production, the most economically feasible units and to establish the
 sequence of their operation in one or another layout. The development of quality indicators for
 aggregate equipment is carried out in parallel or ahead of development and experimental work
 on the creation of aggregate equipment. This is one of the most important stages of work.
 Quality indicators and their specific values are set depending on the design, purpose of the unit,
 etc.
    The division of products into structurally complete units was the first prerequisite for the
 development of the aggregation method.
    Further  analysis  of  machine  designs  showed  that  many  units,  assemblies  and  parts,
 different in design, perform the same functions in various
 machines. Generalization of particular design solutions
 through  the  development  of  unified  units,  assemblies
 and parts has significantly expanded the capabilities of
 this method.
    Currently  the  transition  to  the  production  of
 equipment based on large unit-modules is on the agenda.
    The  modular  principle is  widespread  in
 mechanical engineering. In particular, in machine-
 tool  building, and more  recently in shipbuilding   Fig. 2. Boring spindle box.
 and rocketry.
    At the stage of experimental design, models are
 made, individual elements are being worked out, working drawings are drawn up and prototypes      An example of the most successful application of the aggregation method in the creation
 of units and assembly units are tested.  of completely new equipment is given below.
    The last stage is the development of recommendations for the organization of specialized
 production of assembly units and rolling and assembly bases of unit equipment. At this stage,      Aggregation is a method of designing and operating products, based on the functional and
 the industry's need for this or that type of equipment is determined and a complete feasibility   geometric interchangeability of their main components and assemblies.
 study is given for the creation of specialized industries.
    Thus, from the above it follows that the basis of aggregation is, in general, standardization,      The most important advantage of products created on the basis of aggregation is their
 and its implementation requires the development of parametric standards and standards for   constructive reversibility.
 quality indicators of various types of assembly units and machine units.     Aggregation allows to reuse standard parts, components and assemblies in new product
    One  of  the  main advantages  of  the aggregation  method  is that  with the  specialized   modifications.
 production  of  standard  assembly  units,  the  consumer  is able  to  assemble  the  machines,      When using this method, the entire structure of the machine is considered as a set of
 equipment, automatic lines, etc. they need.  independent components (units), each of which is assigned a specific function in the general
    The  purchase  of  ready-made  units  manufactured  at  specialized  factories  will  make  it   mechanism.
 possible to reduce the cost and simplify the repair of machines.     The purpose of aggregation is to increase the capacity of enterprises without unnecessary
    The  modern  machine-building  industry  is  characterized  by  constant  complication  and   costs for the development of each machine or device separately.
 frequent  change  in the  design  of  machines,  and,  therefore,  for  the  design  and  subsequent      An example of such equipment in mechanical engineering is an aggregate metal-working
 manufacture of a larger number of the latter, it is necessary, first of all, to divide their design   machine  (machining  center),  which has  an  automatic  tool changer  system,  which,  using  a
 into independent assembly units, that is, units, so that they all perform in certain functions of   numerical control device, provides turning, drilling and boring, milling and other operations.
 the car.

 26  Stanochniy park                                                                              Stanochniy park       27
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