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METALWORKING EQUIPMENT                                                                                                                                                                               METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
         AND TOOLS                                                                                                                                                                                            AND TOOLS


                                                                                                                                 ● wear rate of the coating - the ratio of the volumetric
                                                                                                                                 wear of the coating to the time during which the wear
                                                                                                                                 occurred,


                                                                                                                                        Wc = Vc /tисп [mm3/s];
                                                                                                                                 ● intensity of coating wear - the ratio of the volumetric
                                                                                                                                 wear of the coating to the friction path on which the
                                                                                                                                 wear occurred,


                                                                                                                                        Ic = Vc /S [mm3/m];

                                                                                                                                 ●  rate  of  wear  of  the  coating  and  substrate  -  the
                                                                                                                                 ratio of the total volumetric wear of the coating and



                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fig. 6. Micrograph of one of the imprints of MultiPateks
                                                                                                                                                                                                  coating on steel P6M5 after microabrasive wear tests
        Fig. 4. Measured parameters: a - for a monolithic material (substrate or thick coatings), b - for thin-film coatings,
        where 1 is the direction of rotation of the ball.
        .                                                                                                                                                                                          substrate  to the  time during which the

        volumetric wear of the substrate (taking into account                                                                                                                                      wear occurred,
        their combined effect)
                                                                                                                                                                                                          Wcs = Vc +Vs /tисп [mm3/s];


                                                                                                                                                                                                     ●  the  rate  of  wear  of  the  coating  and
                                                                                                                                                                                                   substrate - the ratio of the value of the
        the sum of the volumetric wear of the coating and                                                                                                                                          total volumetric wear of the coating and
        the substrate Vc + Vs [mm3], where a is the average                                                                                                                                        substrate  to  the  friction path  on  which
        value of the coating diameter aipar ср and aiperp ср                                                                                                                                       the wear occurred,


               a = (aipar ср+aiperp ср)/2                                                                                                                                                                 Ics = Vc +Vs /S [mm3/m].


               Auxiliary design parameters are:                                                                                  Fig. 7. Micrograph of one of the imprints of the TiN coating on steel    Comparative        analysis     of    the
        ● coefficient of wear of the substrate - the ratio of                                                                    R6M5 after testing for microabrasive wear.                        calculated parameters is carried out:
        the volumetric wear of the substrate to the length of                                                                                                                                      ● between volumetric wear of an uncoated
        the sliding path and normal load                                Fig. 5. Micrograph of indentation No. 1 after tests for   substrate (e.g. measured on the reverse side of the coated sample) and the total volumetric
                                                                        microabrasive wear of steel R6M5. .                      wear of the coating with the substrate;

                                                        ,                                                                        ● between the volumetric wear of the same substrate (samples from the same initial material and
                                                                                                                                 their manufacturing technology) with different thin-film coatings (by thickness, by composition,
        where S is the length of the sliding path, N is the normal load to the sample surface;                                   by type, by physical and mechanical properties).
        ● the coefficient of wear of the coating at an indentation depth less than the thickness of the                                 A coating that increases the resistance of the substrate specimen against microabrasive
        coating - the ratio of the volumetric wear of the substrate to the length of the sliding path and                        wear  should have  a  volumetric  wear  Vs + Vc less than  the  volumetric  wear  of  an  uncoated
        normal load                                                                                                              substrate specimen Vs.
                                                                                                                                        The objectivity of the comparative assessment of coatings in terms of parameters related
                                                           ,                                                                     to volumetric wear is based on the constancy of the type of friction (sliding), force and kinematic
                                                                                                                                 parameters (pressure on the friction surface, sliding speed), external conditions (temperature,
        ● the coefficient of wear of the coating when the indentation depth is greater than the thickness                        humidity, vibration) and  test conditions (constancy  counterbody, abrasive material  and  its
        of the coating                                                                                                           amount).
                                                                                                                                        Based on the developed technique, tests were carried out for microabrasive wear of the
                                                                                                                                 MultiPateks coating (multicomponent, multilayer, gradient nanocoating of the H-SiOCN system),
                                                                                                                                 applied with final plasma hardening (FPU) [2], and the widely used TiN coating, deposited by
        ● the rate of wear of the substrate - the ratio of the volumetric wear of the substrate to the time                      the method of vacuum ion-plasma deposition separation of the plasma flow on the modernized
        during which the wear occurred,                                                                                          installation NNV6.6I1. These coatings are most widely used for hardening metal cutting tools.
               Ws = Vs /tисп [mm3/s];
                                                                                                                                 High-speed steel R6M5, HRC 62-64 was used as a substrate material. The thickness of the
                                                                                                                                 applied coatings was about 2 - 3 microns. The FPU process used is a method of increasing the
        ● the rate of wear of the substrate - the ratio of the volumetric wear of the substrate to the                           durability of parts and tools by applying thin-film coatings up to 3 μm thick using the technology
        friction path on which the wear occurred,
                                                                                                                                 of tubeless chemical deposition using liquid organoelement compounds and activation by electric
                                                                                                                                 arc plasma. The main advantages of FPU are: implementation of the process without vacuum
               Is = Vs /S [mm3/m];


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