Page 17 - StanochnyPark
P. 17

METALWORKING EQUIPMENT                                                          METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
 AND TOOLS                                                                       AND TOOLS
 Heidenhain sensors installed on the machine: the ERA4282 sensor with an error of ≈1"on the
 mill, the RCN729 sensor with an error of ≈1" on the table.  angle  angle               angle
    Figure 3 shows a typical graph of the kinematic error of the machine at z = 24 and n =   miller revolution
 50 min-1, on which it is possible to distinguish the accumulated error of the relative rotation
 (mismatch angle) of the tool spindles and the workpiece φк.н., as well as high-frequency peaks
 of errors - cyclic errors φк.ц, the frequency of which is equal to the number of teeth.
    Figures 4, a and b show the dependence of the accumulated and cyclic errors on the
 number of teeth for machines of different classes.


    Figure  5 shows graphs  of  cyclic  errors   miller revolution  miller revolution
 depending on the number of teeth, which are
 angle
 obtained with the settings of the drives of the
 24 peaks  cutter  and the  work piece,  providing good
 dynamic characteristics. Their analysis showed
 the following:                                           b)                                     c)
 ● when the frequency and direction of rotation   Fig. 5. Change in cyclic errors from the angle φ of table rotation at z = 6 (a), 24 (b), 96 (c).
 of the spindles are changed, the kinematic error
 practically does not change. The accumulated
 error does not depend on the number of teeth   The table shows the results of measurements of the indicators of the kinematic error.
 and does not exceed 20";     INFLUENCE OF DRIVE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS ON ACCURACY
 ●  cyclic  error  is  caused  by  oscillations  with      The peculiarity of  the  occurrence  of  the  kinematic  error  in the  machine  tools of  new
 several  frequencies:  the  minimum  oscillation   generation lies in the influence of the dynamic characteristics of drives, which depend on the
 frequency  in  all  three  cases  is  equal  to  the   parameters  of  the  electromechanical  (mechatronic)  system,  i.e.  on  the  inertial  and  elastic
 revolution of work pieces  number of teeth of the wheel (cog frequency);   dissipative properties of the mechanical part of the drive, as well as on the adjustment coefficients

 Fig. 3. Graph of the kinematic error of the machine for one   high-frequency   components   φк.ц  are  of the speed and position contours [5, 6].
 revolution of work pieces at Z = 24, n = 50 min-1  superimposed  on  the cog errors  in the  same      The tool rotation is driven by a motor spindle [2] and is not amenable to optimization.
    The table rotation drive, in addition to the rotation spindle, includes work pieces and accessories
    for its installation (pedestals), therefore, a special approach is required when designing it - one
 class
 class  should take into account the parameters of the table spindle, rigidity of the tooling and inertial
    characteristics of the tooling and work piece. The choice of the parameters of the mechanical
 class  class  system should provide the highest, for a given design, drive bandwidth and be carried out, for
 angle  angle  example, similar to feed drives [5, 6].
 class  class     In experiments on a prototype machine tool, only the drive settings were changed, without
    optimization of the parameters of the mechanical part of the drive.
 experiment  experiment
    Figure 6 shows the logarithmic amplitude-phase frequency characteristics (LAFC) of the cutter
    and the table when the gains of the speed loop are changed by about 10 times. Here graph 1
    corresponds to a "good" setting of the cutter and table drives, and graphs 2 and 3 - to a "bad"
 b)  setting of the table and cutter, respectively.
            Figure 7 shows the graphs of the kinematic error of the corresponding LAFC shown in Fig.
 Fig. 4. Graphs of accumulated φк.н. (a) and cyclic φк.ц. (b) errors depending on the number Z of teeth for machines of
 classes P, B and A (- - -) and an experimental graph (──).  6, when set to Z = 60. Analysis of settings 1 and 3 (see Fig. 7, a, b) showed that the dynamic
    characteristics of the cutter drive have
 way as the periodic cyclic error φк.ц superimposed on the accumulated φк.н.  (see Fig. 1) The   little  effect  on  the  kinematic  accuracy   Hz
 magnitude of the cyclic error decreases with an increase in the number of teeth and at 15 ≤ Z   of  the  machine:  the  accumulated   Hz
 ≤ 100 does not exceed 5". The largest amplitude of the cyclic error has the tooth frequency,   errors  amounted  to  18.7"  and  18,
 which is especially high with a small number of teeth (φк.ц. = 20" at z = 6).  respectively, 1", and the cyclic error is
    Thus,  a  machine  made  with an  accuracy  of  class P,  in terms  of  kinematic  accuracy,   3.5". Analysis of options 1 and 2 in Fig.   Amplitude dB
 corresponds to a machine of accuracy class A.  7, c, corresponding to the LAFC in Fig.
 Table 1.  6, b, showed that the main influence on
 Errors of the machine with a different number Z of the teeth of the machined gear.  the cyclic error is exerted by the table
    drive setting: the  accumulated  errors                                                   Hz
 indicator  Z  amounted  to  18.7"  and  18.5",  and              Hz

 6  24  96  periodic errors - 3.5" and 350"! That is,
    the  periodic error  increased  by  about
 φк.н., angle  19,1  18,7  19,7  100 times.              Amplitude dB
 φк.ц., angle  25  4,2  3,3
 The number of oscillations per work piece revolution at n = 50 min   6  24  96
 -1 (double amplitude of oscillations, angle)  (20)  (5)  (2,5)                       b
                                                           Fig. 6. LAFC of the cutter (a) and table (b) drives.


 16  Stanochniy park                                                                              Stanochniy park       17
   12   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22