Page 21 - StanochnyPark
P. 21

METALWORKING EQUIPMENT                                                          METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
 AND TOOLS                                                                       AND TOOLS
 a  microscope,  a  computer,  a  short-length   surface, the normal load of a steel ball with a diameter of Dшар = 30 mm is 0.25 N;
 reference  standard,  connecting  wires and   ● circular speed of rotation of the shaft nвал [rpm];
 software (Fig. 1 - 3).  ● the circular speed of rotation of the ball nшар [rpm], determined from the relationship nшар
    The  tribotester  is designed  to  pose  the   = nвал × dвал / Dшар 1, where dвал is the diameter of the shaft at the points of contact with the
 ball and rotate it at a given speed relative to a   ball, Dшар 1 is the diameter of the ball section at the points of contact with the shaft;
 specified sample with (or without) coating for a
 specified test time, as well as for the possibility   Table 1. Results of measurements and calculations of testing the substrate.
 of reinstalling the sample in order to replace it
 or obtain a new print on a specified surface. The   measurements      calculation
                                                   x
                                                                                                        x
                                                                                      -5
                                                                                                                  3
                                                                                                            5
                                                                                   x
                                                       5
                                                                     x
                                                                         -13
 main  elements  of  the  tribotester  are:  a  base   № bipar, μm biperp, μm  b, μm  Vs 10 , μm 3  Кs 10 ,  Is 10 , mm/m  Ws 10 , μm /s
                                                                       -
                                                                           -
 with a  control panel,  a  drive  shaft  fastening               m N 1m 1
                                                                    3
 device, an adjustable object table with a vice,   1  654,15  654,15  681,9  7,07  8,96  22,41            0,24
 a DC motor, a frequency converter, a counter-
 timer, and control elements. The test specimen   2  699,59  699,15
 is installed motionlessly perpendicular  to the   3  692,01  692,01
 plane of rotation of the ball on the supporting
 Fig. 2. View of the tribotester after installing the ball.  surfaces of the vise jaws. On the control panel   ● test time tисп. [c] (taken on the basis of test tests or knowledge of specific coating properties);
 of  the  tribotester, two parameters,  which are   ● the length of the sliding path of the ball relative to the plane of the sample S = tисп. × nшар
 the rotation speed of the drive shaft and the duration of the tests, are set.  π•Dшар, where tисп. - test time [min], nшар - ball circular speed [rpm], Dшар - ball diameter [mm].
    To  visualize  the  abrasion  zone,  a  monovideomicroscope  with  a  high-resolution  zoom   The main measured parameters on the print are: bpar, bperp, apar, aperp (Fig. 4).
 lens  is  used,  with  a  holder  for  coarse  and  fine  focusing,  a  base,  and  an  object  table  with      The main design parameters for microabrasive wear tests are:
 micro-movements. In order to transfer the image of the research object to the computer, a   ● for samples of the base material (substrate) without coatings (samples with a coating with an
 digital eyepiece USB video camera is used. The image is transmitted from the microscope to a   indentation depth less than the coating thickness): volumetric wear of the substrate
 computer via a USB cable, where it can be viewed, measured, and also saved as graphic files.
 A program for visualizing a microscopic image and determining the geometric dimensions of      ,
 prints is installed on the computer.  or bulky wear of the coating when the indent depth is less than the coating thickness
    The main (variable, replaceable) test components are balls and an abrasive suspension.
 Balls  are  mainly  used  from  the  production  of  rolling  bearings.  Balls  material  -  heat-treated
 steel  ShKh15,  hardness  -  60-62  HRC.  The  parameter  of  the  surface  roughness  of  the  balls   where R is the radius of the ball used, b is the average diameter of the substrate indentation
 is  Ra  =  0.1  μm.  Ball  diameter  -  30  mm.
 As  an  abrasive  suspension,  a  water-based   sample  ball  bipar and biperp

            b = (bipar ср + biperp ср)/2;
 suspension  with synthetic  diamond  single
 crystals with a diameter of 1 μm (or based   ● for coated samples (indentation depth is greater than the coating thickness): volumetric wear
 on electrocorundum) is used.  During  the   of the coating
 tests,  the  supply  of  the  suspension  to  the
 friction zone is strictly dosed and repeated   [мм3],
 in a given time interval.
    For measurements, flat samples with a   Table 2. Calculation results of MultiPateks coating test on P6M5 steel for average indentation
 coating applied to the end surface are used.   diameters a = 585 μm and b = 639 μm.
 The dimensions of the samples are limited   Vs 10 5  Vc 10 5  (Vs+Vc)  Kc 10 -13  Ic 10 -5  Wc 10 5  Ks 10 -13  Is10 -5  Ws 10 5  Ics 10 -5  Wcs 10 5
                                                                                            x
                                                                                                      x
                                                                                                                  x
                   x
         x
                                                                        x
                                                   x
                                                              x
                                          x
 by the dimensions of the jaws of the vice of   drive   X 10 5
 shaft
 the tribotester - up to 30 mm in width, up
 to 40 mm in length, up to 10 mm in height.   Fig. 3. Layout of the sample relative to the ball and drive   μm 3  μm 3  μm 3  m N m -1  mm /m  μm /s  m N m -1  mm /m  μm /s  mm /m  μm /s
 shaft
                                           -1
                                                                         -1
                                                     3
                                                                                   3
                                         3
                                                                                             3
                                                                                                                  3
                                                                        3
                                                               3
                                                                                                       3
 The  recommended  roughness  parameter
 for coated specimens is Ra ≤ 0.32 µm. The
 flatness of the end surfaces of the sample should not exceed 0.05 µm. Recommended coating   3,8  1,6  5,5  6,9  5,2  0,05  4,9  12,2  0,13  17,3  0,18
 thickness > 1 µm.
    The test duration is determined by obtaining the depth of the wear crater greater than the
 thickness of the coating. Evaluation of wear parameters is also possible for thick coatings (the   Table 3. Calculation results of the TiN coating test on R6M5 steel for medium diameters of
 indentation depth is less than the coating thickness) and for a monolithic material, for example,   prints, a = 585 μm and b = 639 μm.
 a substrate.  Vs 10 5  Vc 10 5  (Vs+Vc)  Kc 10 -13  Ic 10 -5  Wc 10 5  Ks 10 -13  Is10 -5  Ws 10 5   Ics 10 -5  Wcs 10 5
                                                                                                        x
                                                                                             x
                                                                          x
                                                                                                                   x
                                          x
                                                    x
         x
                    x
                                                               x
    Constancy of the following parameters is fundamental to the reproducibility of tests:  X 10 5
 ● the angle of inclination of the sample surface to the horizon (about 60 - 75 °), the optimal
 position of the ball relative to the drive shaft (the axis of the drive shaft should be parallel to   μm  3  μm  3  μm  3  m N m -1  mm /m  μm /s  m N m -1  mm /m  μm /s  mm /m  μm /s
                                                                                                                    3
                                                                                                         3
                                                                                              3
                                                                                    3
                                         3 -1
                                                      3
                                                                         3 -1
                                                                3
 the sample surface);
 ● normal load of a free-lying ball to the surface of the sample N [H], determined by calculation,   9,81  12,01  7,61  15,54  0,16  1,39  3,49  0,04  19,03  0,2
 depending on the mass of the specifically used ball, its location relative to the drive shaft and   2,2
 the test sample, as well as the coefficients of friction between the ball with the sample surface
 and the drive shaft surface. For a specimen located at an angle of 60 - 75 ° to the horizontal
 20  Stanochniy park                                                                              Stanochniy park       21
   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23   24   25   26