Page 50 - EVOLUTION OF THE SUDAN PEOPLE’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT(SPLM),

The Southern Political Parties: The Sudan African National Union, SANU led by William Deng
Nhial, SANU based in Uganda led by Aggrey Jaden, Southern Front, FS, led by Clement Mboro,
did not agree on the unitary system of government or status quo. Aggrey Jaden and Clement

Mboro, leaders of SANU outside and Southern Front respectively, presented one paper, demanding
the Northern Sudanese parties, the Sudan Government and international community members,
attending the Peace Conference, to contribute a fair opinion over the historical and present
relationship between the North and South. In the past, dating back from 1820 to 1898, north

and South lived separately. During the British/Egyptians’ Condominium colonial government,
Southern was ruled separately, from 1899 to 1946.The question of South Sudan cold war be
replaced even in such forums. (, Deng, 1998).

The two parties critically blamed Northern Sudanese to have been responsible in triggering the

civil war. First the South did not participate in the independence process that ensued on 1.1. 1956
let alone the 1946 or 1953 declaration of independence inside partial legislative Assemble on
19 December 1953. Finally the handing over of the political power to the army on 17 November
1958, after the Northern MPs rejected federal system of government proposed by the Southern

MPs. The two parties, justifiably proposed to the conference to persuade Northern Parties to
agree to the right of self-determination, which is very flexible, for Southern Sudanese to exercise
their right and vote in referendum to agree to unity or independent from Khartoum(HD2123.5 .Z8).
SANU, led by William Deng Nhial, had a different vision on the presentation of the Northern

Parties, Southern Front and SANU, led by Aggrey Jaden. (Johnson, 2014).

William Deng Nhial’s SANU inside, dismissed the position presented by the Northern parties as
a naught. But William did not, outright, dismissed the Southern Front presentation and demanded
for ascertainment of Southern opinion in a vote over the unitary, federal or independence. William

defended federalism as the best for a multiracial, multiethnic, multi-religious and multi-territorial
that was only brought together from 1899 to 1946(HD2123.5 .Z8). SANU demanded all Sudanese
to stand by federal system of government. William cited peace, security and economic prosperity
as in Switzerland, the United States of America, Germany, Australia, India, among others, as a

result of shared national values and political power. Others contributed and called all Sudanese
to resolve the conflict peacefully.

In conclusion, on the 9th day, the conference couldn’t agree as demanded by the Prime Minister,

Sir Al Khatim Al Khalifa in his opening speech. To save face, the conference recommended
three months’ adjournment “to be resumed on 30th June 1965.” Instead of returning back, as
recommended by the peace conference, the Northern parties decided to go for partial elections
excluding Southern Sudan a second time, a thing they did in 1946, 1953 and 1956. On 3 June
1965 the North went for partial elections and convened their partial Constituent Assembly on 15

July 1965 and elected Mohamed Ahamed Mahgoub, Umma Party as the Prime Minister. Mahgoub
cancelled the ceasefire and declared war against the South, the Anyanya security forces and
their supporters(SAD.887/9/1/19989). The partial parliament endorsed and supported the Prime

Minister (Johnson,2014).

The war resumed. Beginning the war, Mahgoub ordered the Northern Sudan’s army to kill at

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