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image and ideal self. He also added that self-esteem can be

either global or specific and there is a relationship between

these two facets of self-esteem. Global self-esteem refers to an

all round feeling of self-worth and confidence. Specific self-

esteem refers to a feeling of self-worth and confidence with

regard to a specific activity or behavior.

Rosenberg in Griesdorn (2011: 6-8) indicated social

comparison and feelings of economic superiority partly account

for global self-esteem in adults. The other principles of global

self-esteem formation include self-comparison, self-attribution,

reflected appraisal, and psychological centrality. Social

comparison theory, in which skills, attributes, and opinions are

compared with others, was developed to explain changes in

self-esteem over time, self- comparison of one’s performance

versus that of others can influence one’s attitudes about self

worth.

Self-attribution can be defined as the observation of an

individual’s own behavior and the related outcomes to

determine ability. For example, if a child gets good grades

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