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Mosques typically have higher water usage due to religious  As part of the environmental review, the team also gathered
            requirements, particularly the cleansing ritual (Wudu), where  data on the mosque’s current utility usage (Table 1),
            Muslims use water to cleanse specific parts of their bodies  averaged over six months, and calculated the associated
            before every prayer.                                 CO2 emissions, as shown in Table 2.
            During our site visit, the team observed the existing manual
            watering of vegetation used by the mosque volunteers.
            The  team  noted  that  this  watering  method  consumes  a
            significant amount of water and is labour-intensive.

            Eight garden beds are spread across different levels of the
            mosque (Figures 4 and 5), sometimes requiring several hours
            to water. For instance, at the ground level, a mix of plants is
            cultivated to enhance the aesthetics of the space and serve
            as a physical barrier. On the upper level, staff maintain a herb
            garden.

























                                                                       Table 2: Annual associated CO2 emissions in
                                                                       Darul Ghufran mosque
                 Figure 4 and Figure 5: Garden beds at the mosque












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