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m First conditional 6A p47 ZERO OR FIRST CONDITIONAL
• Look at this first conditional. Notice the different clauses. • Compare these sentences:
A If my children get good grades, I take them to the beach.
if clause main clause
(if+ Present Simple) ('II, will or won't+ infinitive) This sentence is a zero conditional. It talks about something that
is always true. (I take my children to the beach every time they get
If I start teaching again, I'll be exhausted after a year.
good grades at school.)
• The first conditional talks about the result of a possible
B If my children get good grades, I'll take them to the beach.
event or situation in the future.
This sentence is a first conditional. It talks about one specific
• The if clause talks about things that are possible, but time in the future. (I'll take my children to the beach if they get
not certain: If I start teaching again, I'll be exhausted good grades in their next exam.)
after a year. (maybe I will start teaching again). The
CONDITIONALS WITH MODAL VERBS AND IMPERATIVES
main clause says what we think the result will be in this
• We can use modal verbs (should, can, etc.) in the main clause
situation (I'm sure I will be exhausted after a year).
of conditionals: If parents want their children to be happy, they
• The if clause can be first or second in the sentence:
shouldn't put too much pressure on them. If you criticise children
I'll be exhausted after a year if I start teaching again.
for not getting good grades, they can feel like they're failures.
• We make first conditional questions with:
• We can also use imperatives (praise, don't give, etc.) in the main
(question word) + will+ subject + infinitive +if ... :
clause of conditionals: If you want to help your children, praise the
What will you study if you do another degree?
effort they make.
• We often use might in the main clause to mean 'will
• In these conditionals we use the Present Simple in the if clause:
perhaps': You might not get in this year if you don't
If you need some help, ask me.
apply soon.
TIP• We can use other modal verbs (must, have to, might, etc.) in
• We can use unless to mean 'if not' in the first
conditional: Unless I do it now, I'll be too old. = conditionals: If you don't understand, you must ask the teacher.
If I don't do it now, I'll be too old. IN CASE
• We use in case to say that we are prepared for something that
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m Future time clauses 6A · p47 might happen: Students are scared of answering questions in
case they get them wrong. I'll take an umbrella in case it rains.
• We can also use sentences with before, as soon as,
after, until and when to talk about the future: I'll ask • In case and if have different meanings. Compare these sentences:
them before they go on holiday. MIKE I'll buy some food in case I get hungry.
• In these sentences we use will/won't+ infinitive in the Mike is definitely going to buy some food so that he is prepared if
main clause: I'll make a decision after I talk to him. he gets hungry in the future.

• We use the Present Simple in clauses beginning with JAMES I'll buy some food if I get hungry.
before, as soon as, after, until and when: I won't say James might buy some food, but only if he gets hungry in the future.
anything to them until you decide what to do.

TIP • We use when to say we are certain that something ld@ltn;1•·• -----------------
will happen. Compare these two sentences:
A I'll tell Jo when I see her. (I'm certain I will see Jo.) m Discussion language 60 . p52
B I'll tell Jo if I see her. (Maybe I will see Jo.)
asking to speak ways of agreeing
llt Zero conditional; conditionals May I make a su~gestion? Yes, that so·unds li ke a go.ad
Can I make a point here? ide·a.
with modal verbs and imperatives; Can I just say something here? Well, it's (definitely) worth a try.
• • • • • •
in case 68 p48 making suggestions Y~s, th~t's not a ~ad idea.
---------.----- Yes, that could work.
ZERO CONDITIONAL
How about (.having some live music)? What a gre·at/bri lliant idea!
• Zero conditionals talk about things that are always We could (hi re some professional
true: If you have children, you want them to be happy. musicians). ways of disagreeing
What abo•ut (charging pe•ople five I'm not sure abo•ut that. For
• In zero conditionals both verbs are in the Present • • • •
pounds each)? one thing, ...
Simple: If children study all the time, they don't • • • • •
Have you thought of (asking the Sorry, I don't think we should
develop in other ways. • • • • • • •
school to put on a musical)? do that.
•
•
•
•
•
TIP • If and when have the same meaning in zero I suggest we (have some I'm not sure that's a good
conditionals: If/When I'm stressed, I don't sleep very well . competitions). idea.
•