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Language Summary 8 DVD-ROM 8

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m Bad weather and natural disasters COMMON COLLOCATIONS

SA p62 a bottle of milk, beer, ketchup, olive oil, lemonade
a bag of sweets, potatoes, crisps [US: chips]
a tin of tuna, biscuits, cat food, soup, beans
a storm very bad weather with lots of rain, snow, wind, etc.:
a box of chocolates, tissues
There was a terrible storm last night. a can of beer, lemonade
.
thunder the loud noise that comes from the sky during a storm:
.
Last night I was woken up by the thunder. Also: a thunderstorm a carton of milk, orange juice, soup
• a jar of honey, jam, marmalade
lightning a bright light in the sky caused by electricity during a storm,
usually followed by thunder: A man was hit by lightning last night. a packet of biscuits, sweets, soup, beans, tissues, crisps
a gale a very strong wind: There will be gales in the south tonight. TIPS • We usually use a tin for food (a tin of tomatoes)
1
a hurricane(= a typho·on /ta1 fu:n/ or a cyclone) a violent storm
and a can for drink (a can of cola).
with extremely strong winds: Dozens of houses were destroyed by
last night's hurricane. • Marmalade is made from citrus fruit (oranges, etc.).
a tornado (US: a twi ster) an extremely strong and dangerous wind Jam is made from soft fruit (strawberries, etc.).
that blows in a circle and destroys buildings: There are often tornados
in the Caribbean in the summer. m Word building (2): prefixes and
a he.at wave a period of unusually hot weather that continues for a opposites SC p67
lonSl time: The heat wave in Texas has been going on for over a month.
a blizzard a very bad snow storm with strong winds: We got stuck • We often use the prefixes un-, dis-, im-, in- and ir- to
in a blizzard for six hours. make opposites of words.
a flood /flAd/ when a lot of water covers an area that is usually dry,
especially when it rains a lot or a river becomes too full: There have prefix examples
been floods in many parts of India. unconscious unusual uncommon unbelievable
an earthquake /3:8kwe1k/ a sudden violent movement of the un-
unselfish unreliable unambitious unhelpful
Earth's surface, often causing a lot of damage: In 1906 parts of San
Francisco were destroyed by a huge earthquake. disappe·ar dishonest disorganised
dis-
a tsunami an extremely large wave that can cause a lot of damage disloyal dissimilar
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when it hits the coast: The tsunami in Asia was one of the most - i-m---+-i_m_p_o-ss;t;°; impatient impolite immature
-
powerful ever recorded.
in- incorrect inconsiderate informal insensitive
a drought /draut/ a long period of time with no rain and not ------
enough water for plants and animals: The drought in north Africa has ir- irresponsible irregular
continued for over six months.
a landslide when a large quantity of rocks and earth falls down TIPS• We can use these prefixes to make opposites of
the side of a mountain: The landslide closed the road through the adjectives and verbs: unconscious, dishonest (adjectives);
mountains for over a month. undo, disappear (verbs).

• Adjectives beginning with p usually take the prefix im-:
TIPS• The adjective for storm is stormy: It was a very stormy night.
patient - impatient.
• We say thunder and lightning not lightning and thunder. • Adjectives beginning with r usually take the prefix ir- :

• Flood is a noun and a verb: The whole village was flooded. responsible - irresponsible.

m Containers SB p64 llt Word building (2): other prefixes
and suffixes SC p67

• We often use other prefixes and suffixes to change the
meaning of words.
prefix/
suffix meaning examples
------,....---
under estimate underp~-d
under- not enough • •
a bottle a bag a tin a box undercharge underuse

do something reattach repc:lid rewrite
re- • • • •
again recharge remarry replay reuse
lover-optimistic overp~-d
over- too much
- oversleep overcharge overuse
•
•
•
hopeful painful careful
-ful with • • •
successful playful useful
• •
a can a carton ajar a packet harmless painless
-less without • • •
sleepless careless useless
•
;