Page 7 - SSAB Welding Handbook Edition 2

©2009-2019 by SSAB Group of companies (SSAB). All rights reserved. Only digital PDF file. No distribution. No printing allowed!
No part of this handbook may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from SSAB.
Welding handbook 1.0 Index

©SSAB

17.0 Repair welding of structures 22.0 Hardening mechanisms in the heat-affected zone
and the unaffected parent metal
17.1 The planning of repair welding 101
17.2 Realization of the weld repair 102 22.1 The grains 127
22.2 Grain refinement 128
22.3 Solid solution hardening 130
18.0 Non-destructive evaluations 22.4 Precipitation hardening 130
18.1 Visual testing 104
18.2 Penetrant testing 104
18.3 Magnetic particle testing 106 23.0 The influence of the alloys and contaminants on
18.4 Ultrasonic testing 107 the Hardox and Strenx grades
23.1 Carbon (C) 131
23.2 Manganese (Mn) 131
19.0 Stud arc welding 23.3 Chromium(Cr) and molybdenum (Mo) 132
23.4 Nickel (Ni) 132
19.1 Stud arc welding methods 111 23.5 Boron (B) 132
19.2 Studs 112 23.6 Niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V)
19.3 The objective of the ferrule 112 and aluminum (Al) 132
19.4 The objective of the shielding gas 113 23.7 Silicon (Si) 133
19.5 Objectives related to short cycle welding 113 23.8 Sulfur (S) and phosphorus (P) 133
19.6 The welding performance 113 23.9 Nitrogen (N) 133
19.7 Precautions prior to welding 114 23.10 Hydrogen (H) 134
19.8 Preheating 115 23.11 Copper (Cu) 134
The preheating process 115
19.9 Post-weld heat treatments 116
19.10 Evaluation of properties in stud welds 116

20.0 Hardfacing
20.1 Surface appearance of the steel 118
20.2 Characteristics of the buffer layer 118
20.3 Characteristics of the hardfacing layer 119
20.4 Preheat temperatures 120
20.5 Levels of heat input 120
20.6 Recommendations regarding other welding parameters 120
20.7 Crack phenomena during hardfacing 120
Relief cracks 121
Underbead cracks 121

21.0 Microstructures in the heat-affected zone
(HAZ) and the unaffected parent metal
21.1 Austenite 123
21.2 Martensite and tempered martensite 124
21.3 Bainite 124

This handbook contains general suggestions and information without any expressed or implied warranty of any kind. SSAB hereby expressly disclaims
all liability of any kind, including any damages, in connection with the use of the information and for their suitability for individual applications. 7
It is the responsibility of the user of this brochure to adapt the recommendations contained therein to the requirements of individual applications.