Page 52 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

concept of student-centeredness are used interchangeably. This study will

employ the classifications by Earl and Katz because they are more

applicable to how formative and summative assessment functions.

b. Classroom Assessment

1) Assessment as Learning (AaL)

Different practitioners have proposed different views of

assessment as learning (AaL). For instance, according to Earl and Katz

(2006), "AaL is characterized by students reflecting on their own

learning and making adjustments to achieve a deeper understanding"

(p. 41). In addition, Dann (2002, 2014) promotes AaL, which is not

only a supplement to teaching and learning, but also provides a method

for student involvement in assessment as part of learning. According to

Rodriguez-Gomes and Ibarra-Saiz (2015), the concept of AaL requires

students to assess their own learning. In addition, Lam (2015) explains

that AaL is a concept that promotes learner autonomy and reflexivity

by emphasizing students' use of assessment to enhance learning through

self-assessment, self-efficacy, and other self-regulatory behaviors. The

AaL is a form of assessment in which students actively monitor their

learning progress and then make any necessary adjustments.

The AaL perspective regards students as active participants in the

evaluation process and emphasizes their role as discerning

evaluators equipped to make informed decisions regarding their

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