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4.4 Green Bioreactors: Lettuce, Duckweed, and
Rice

There are hundreds of viable species, each representing a
different tool in the hands of researchers. Each species used
as a “green bioreactor” brings unique advantages in
expression, scalability, regulatory familiarity, and immune-
accessible delivery.

Let’s explore how these plants are not just passive
carriers—but active design decisions in the next
generation of edible therapeutics.

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