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√«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å∏“π‘π∑√å °√—¬«‘‡™’¬√ 25

à«π∑’Ë Û §«“¡®”

§«“¡®” ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß®”‡ªìπÕ¬à“߬‘Ëß ”À√—∫«‘™“™’æ°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¡’¢âÕπà“æ‘®“√≥“‡∫◊ÈÕßμâπ
‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡®” §◊Õ °“√∑’Ë®–®¥®” ‘Ëß„¥‰¥â ‰¡à«à“¥â«¬«‘∏’∑àÕß®”¢÷Èπ„® À√◊Õ®¥®”∏√√¡¥“

¡’°√√¡«‘∏’ Û μÕπ¥â«¬°—π§◊Õ °“√‡√’¬π‡æ◊ËÕ®¥®” (learning) °“√®¥®”‰«â„π ¡Õß

(retaining) ·≈– °“√π÷°§‘¥®“°§«“¡∑√ß®” (recalling) ”À√—∫°“√‡√’¬π‡æ◊ËÕ®¥®”°Á¥’
°“√π÷°§‘¥®“°§«“¡∑√ß®”°Á¥’ Õ“®Ωñ°Ωπª√—∫ª√ÿß„À⥒¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡ ¡Õ ‚¥¬°“√°√–μ◊Õ√◊Õ√âπ

„π°“√‡√’¬π·≈–°“√„™â ¡“∏‘√«¡μ≈Õ¥∑—Èß°“√∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®„π‡√◊ËÕß∑’Ë°”≈—ß∑àÕß®”π—Èπ

·μà ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫°—π„πÀ≈—°®‘μ«‘∑¬“«à“‰¡àÕ“®ª√—∫ª√ÿß„À⥒¢÷Èπ‰¥â‡≈¬°Á§◊Õ
(˜)
°“√®¥®”‰«â„π ¡Õß„À≥âπ“π‡∑à“„¥ ‡√◊ËÕßπ’ȇªìπ‡√◊ËÕß∏√√¡™“μ‘¢Õß·μà≈–∫ÿ§§≈

§«“¡®”∑’Ëπ—°»÷°…“°ÆÀ¡“¬®–μâÕß„™â„π°“√»÷°…“«‘™“°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ ®–μâÕßÀπ—°
‰ª„π¥â“π°“√®¥®”À≈—° ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬„À≥⥒μ≈Õ¥®π®¥®”·À≈àß∑’Ë®–§âπ§«â“À“

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¢ÕßÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ ‡æ◊ËÕª√–‚¬™πå„π°“√ Õ∫‰≈à‰¥â¥â«¬ §”«à“ 箥®”À≈—°

”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬„À≥⥒é π—Èπ ·¬°æ‘®“√≥“‰¥â‡ªìπ Ú ª√–°“√ §◊Õ:

Ò. ®¥®”À≈—° ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â¢÷Èπ„® ·≈–‡¢â“„®‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–·≈–‡Àμÿº≈

¢ÕßÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ‰¥â¥’ ·≈–

Ú. ®¥®”À≈—° ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥âæÕª√–¡“≥ ·≈–‡¢â“„®‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–·≈–

‡Àμÿº≈¢ÕßÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ‰¥â¥’

„πª√–°“√·√° ®¥®”À≈—° ”§—≠¢Õß°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â¢÷Èπ„®·≈–‡¢â“„®‡π◊ÈÕÀ“ “√–

·≈–‡Àμÿº≈¢ÕßÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ‰¥â¥’

æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿƇ°≈Ⓡ®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—«¡’æ√–∫√¡√“‚™«“∑„π§”π”Àπ—ß ◊Õ

ç°ÆÀ¡“¬∑–‡≈é μÕπÀπ÷Ëß«à“:

çæ√–¿‘°…ÿ∂÷ß·¡â«à“®–∑àÕßæ√–ª“Ø‘‚¡°¢å„Àâ¢÷Èπ„®®π «¥ª“°‡ª≈à“‰¥â·≈â«·μà∂â“

‰¡à‡¢â“„®Õ√√∂“∏‘∫“¬ °Á®–π—∫«à“‡ªìπºŸâ√Ÿâæ√–«‘π—¬∫—≠≠—μ‘·∑â®√‘߉¡à‰¥â©—π„¥ π—°‡√’¬π

(˜)
A.G. Hughes, and E.H. Hughes, Learning and Teaching (3rd ed; London: Longmans,
1967), pp. 143-168