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30 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å

„Àâ (¡“μ√“ ıÚÛ) Ú. —≠≠“¬◊¡„™â§ß√Ÿª (¡“μ√“ ˆÙÒ) Û. —≠≠“¬◊¡„™â ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õß

(¡“μ√“ ˆı) Ù. —≠≠“Ω“°∑√—æ¬å (¡“μ√“ ˆı˜) ı. —≠≠“®”π” (¡“μ√“ ˜Ù˜)
·≈– ˆ. —≠≠“‡°Á∫¢Õß„π§≈—ß ‘π§â“ (¡“μ√“ ˜˜Ò) ¥—ßπ—Èπ μ√“∫„¥¬—߉¡à¡’°“√ àß¡Õ∫

μ√“∫π—Èπ —≠≠“°Á‰¡à‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ ‰¡à∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å ‰¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å À√◊Õ‡ªìπ‚¡¶– ·≈–‚¥¬∑’Ë¡“μ√“ ÒÒı

ª.æ.æ. ‰¥â«“ßÀ≈—°∑—Ë«‰ª«à“‡¡◊ËÕ∑”‰¡à∂Ÿ°μ“¡·∫∫ π‘μ‘°√√¡‡ªìπ‚¡¶– ¥—ßπ’È®÷߇ÀÁπ‰¥â
«à“°“√ àß¡Õ∫´÷Ë߇ªìπ·∫∫¢Õßπ‘μ‘°√√¡Õ¬à“ßÀπ÷Ëßπ—Èπ¬àÕ¡¡’º≈∑”„Àâπ‘μ‘°√√¡‡ªìπ‚¡¶–

(¥Ÿ ®’Í¥ ‡»√…∞∫ÿμ√, §”Õ∏‘∫“¬°ÆÀ¡“¬π‘μ‘°√√¡·≈–Àπ’È ‡≈à¡ Ò, Àπâ“ Û˘, ÚÚÙ, ÚÚı,
æ√–¬“‡∑æ«‘∑ÿ√, §”Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß·≈–æ“≥‘™¬å ¡“μ√“ Ò - ¡“μ√“ ÚÙı

Àπâ“ ÙÒı ·≈–ª√–°Õ∫ Àÿμ– ‘ßÀå, §”Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàßæ“≥‘™¬å «à“¥â«¬

π‘μ‘°√√¡, Àπâ“ ˜˘) à«ππ—°°ÆÀ¡“¬ΩÉ“¬∑’ˇÀÁπ«à“°“√ àß¡Õ∫‰¡à„™à·∫∫¢Õßπ‘μ‘°√√¡ §◊Õ
¡.√.«. ‡ π’¬å ª√“‚¡™ (§”Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß·≈–æ“≥‘™¬å «à“¥â«¬π‘μ‘°√√¡

·≈–Àπ’È, Àπâ“ Òˆ)

μ“¡ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬·æà߇¬Õ√¡—π (BGB) ·¬°ª√–‡¿∑¢Õßπ‘μ‘°√√¡μà“߉ª

®“°Ω√—Ë߇» Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–Õ‘μ“≈’ °≈à“«§◊Õ ·¬°π‘μ‘°√√¡„π∑“ßÀπ’È·≈–π‘μ‘°√√¡„π∑“ß

∑√—æ¬åÕÕ°®“°°—π (E. J Cohn, Manual of German Law I p. 74-75, 131) μ“¡
ª.æ.æ. ¡“μ√“ Ùı¯ ¢Õ߇√“∂◊ÕÀ≈—°‡¥’¬«°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬Ω√—Ë߇» «à“ °√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π

∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑’Ë¢“¬‚Õπ¡“¬—ߺŸâ´◊ÈÕμ—Èß·μà∑’ˉ¥â∑” —≠≠“°—π ·μà°ÆÀ¡“¬‡¬Õ√¡—π·¬° —≠≠“„π

∑“ßÀπ’È §◊Õ —≠≠“∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ ‘∑∏‘·≈–Àπâ“∑’Ë °—∫ —≠≠“„π∑“ß∑√—æ¬å §◊Õ —≠≠“∑’Ë¡’°“√
· ¥ß‡®μπ“‚Õπ°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π∑√—æ¬å °√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π∑√—æ¬å®–μ°Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ºŸâ√—∫‚ÕπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à‡ªìπ

‡√◊ËÕߢÕß —≠≠“„π∑“ß∑√—æ¬å ´÷ËßμâÕß¡’°“√· ¥ß‡®μπ“∑’Ë®–„Àâ°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ïπ—Èπ‚Õπ‰ª¬—ߧŸà°√≥’
—≠≠“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬‡ªìπ —≠≠“„π∑“ßÀπ’ȧ«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’˧Ÿà°√≥’μ“¡ —≠≠“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬¡’μàÕ°—π§◊Õ

ΩÉ“¬ºŸâ¢“¬¡’Àπâ“∑’ËμâÕß àß¡Õ∫∑√—æ¬å„Àâ°—∫ºŸâ´◊ÈÕΩÉ“¬ºŸâ´◊ÈÕ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë™”√–√“§“ ∂â“ΩÉ“¬„¥

‰¡àªØ‘∫—μ‘°“√™”√–Àπ’È Õ’°ΩÉ“¬°Á¡’ ‘∑∏‘‡√’¬°„ÀâªØ‘∫—μ‘À√◊Õ‡√’¬°§à“ ‘π‰À¡∑¥·∑π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√
‰¡à™”√–Àπ’È ∂⓺Ÿâ¢“¬‰¥â àß¡Õ∫·≈–· ¥ß‡®μπ“‚Õπ°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π∑√—æ¬å„Àâ°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ‰ª

°àÕπ·≈â« ·≈–ºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ°√–∑”°“√‚¥¬ ÿ®√‘μ¡’§à“μÕ∫·∑π ºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ¬àÕ¡‰¥â°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï
„π∑√—æ¬å à«πºŸâ´◊Èէߡ’ ‘∑∏‘‡√’¬°§à“ ‘π‰À¡∑¥·∑π‡æ◊ËÕ°“√‰¡à™”√–Àπ’È ®–‡√’¬°‡Õ“

∑√—æ¬å®“°ºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ„π∞“π‡®â“¢Õß°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘ω¡à‰¥â ‡æ√“–°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ϭ—߉¡àμ°Õ¬Ÿà°—∫ºŸâ´◊ÈÕ

‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à¡’π‘μ‘°√√¡∑“ß∑√—æ¬å §◊Õ°“√· ¥ß‡®μπ“·≈– àß¡Õ∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π