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32 √«¡º≈ß“π∑“ß«‘™“°“√¢Õß»“ μ√“®“√¬å®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å

·≈–°“√· ¥ß‡®μπ“ ≈–°“√ àß¡Õ∫‰¡à®”‡ªìπ„π°“√‚Õπ∑√—æ¬å‡æ√“–‡¢â“„®«à“°“√ àß

¡Õ∫‡Õ° “√°“√‚Õπ„ÀâºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ (Traditio per cartam) „π°ÆÀ¡“¬‡¬Õ√¡—π¬°‡≈‘°°“√
àß¡Õ∫μ—«∑√—æ¬å‚¥¬‡¥Á¥¢“¥ ´÷ËßμàÕ¡“·π«§«“¡§‘¥π’È‰¥â¢¬“¬‡¢â“¡“„πÕ‘μ“≈’·≈–Ω√—Ëß‡»

®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√‚Õπ¢ÕßΩ√—Ëß‡» ‚Õπ‰¥â¥â«¬‡Àμÿ·Ààß°“√‚Õπ °≈à“«§◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡Àμÿ·Ààß°“√‚Õπ
¡∫Ÿ√≥å °√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï°Áºà“π¡◊Õ ´÷Ëß‡√’¬°À≈—°π’È«à“ çTraditio Fictaé ‚¥¬∂◊Õ«à“°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï

ºà“π‚¥¬ —≠≠“∑’Ë‡ªìπ∫ÿ§§≈ ‘∑∏‘Ï (in personam contract) ‡æ√“–©–π—Èππ—°°ÆÀ¡“¬
Ω√—Ëß‡» ·≈–Õ‘μ“≈’‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“°®÷ß‰¡à¬Õ¡√—∫À≈—°π‘μ‘°√√¡≈Õ¬ (Abstrakte Geschafte)

(¥Ÿ √Õßæ≈ ‡®√‘≠æ—π∏å, °ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß : À≈—°∑—Ë«‰ª Àπâ“ ¯˘-˘˜) ·μàμ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß
‡¬Õ√¡—π¬Õ¡√—∫«à“π‘μ‘°√√¡≈Õ¬‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‰¥â®÷ß¡’°√≥’∑’Ë‡°‘¥π‘μ‘°√√¡≈Õ¬¢÷Èπ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ

π‘μ‘°√√¡∑’Ë‡ªìπÕ‘ √–®“°π‘μ‘°√√¡∑’Ë‡ªìπ¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ (Kausale Rechtsgeschaefte) °≈à“«§◊Õ

‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª π‘μ‘°√√¡μâÕß¡’¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ (Causa) ´÷Ëß·∫àß‰¥â∑’Ë ”§—≠ Û ª√–°“√ §◊Õ (¥Ÿ À¬ÿ¥
· ßÕÿ∑—¬, §”Õ∏‘∫“¬°ÆÀ¡“¬·æàß≈—°…≥–¡Ÿ≈Àπ’È Ò, Àπâ“ ˜˜)

Ò. ¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ·Ààß°“√„Àâ (Causa donandi) ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°√≥’∑’Ë°“√®”Àπà“¬‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ
∑”„ÀâÕ’°ΩÉ“¬√Ë”√«¬¢÷Èπ ‚¥¬‰¡àμâÕß„Àâ™”√–§à“μÕ∫·∑π ‡™àπ —≠≠“„Àâ‚¥¬‡ πàÀ“

Ú. ¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ·Ààß°“√„Àâ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë (Causa obligandi) À√◊Õ (Causa Credendi)

´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°√≥’∑’Ë°“√®”Àπà“¬‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„ÀâÕ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë ‡™àπ —≠≠“´◊ÈÕ¢“¬
—≠≠“„Àâ¬◊¡

Û. ¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ·Ààß°“√™”√–Àπ’È (Causa solvendi) ´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°√≥’∑’Ë¡’°“√®”Àπà“¬
‡ªìπ‰ª‡æ◊ËÕªØ‘∫—μ‘Àπâ“∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’μàÕÕ’°ΩÉ“¬Àπ÷Ëß ‡™àπ °“√™”√–√“§“„π°“√´◊ÈÕ¢“¬

π‘μ‘°√√¡≈Õ¬‡ªìππ‘μ‘°√√¡∑’Ë‰¡à¡’¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ‡æ√“–‡ªìππ‘μ‘°√√¡„π∑“ß∑√—æ¬å ‰¡à„™à
π‘μ‘°√√¡„π∑“ßÀπ’È ©–π—Èπ °“√∑’ËºŸâ‚Õπ· ¥ß‡®μπ“®– àß¡Õ∫®÷ß‡ªìπ°“√∑”π‘μ‘°√√¡„π
∑“ß∑√—æ¬å°àÕº≈„ÀâºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ‰¥â°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï ·μà‡¡◊ËÕ„¥°“√∑”π‘μ‘°√√¡∑“ß∑√—æ¬å‰¡à¡’¡Ÿ≈‡Àμÿ

¥—ß°≈à“« ·¡âºŸâ√—∫‚Õπ®–‰¥â°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π∑√—æ¬åπ—Èπ°Áμ“¡ ·μà‡¡◊ËÕ‰¡à¡’¡Ÿ≈‡ÀμÿÕ—π®–Õâ“ß

°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¥â°Á∂◊Õ‡ªìπ≈“¿¡‘§«√‰¥â (¥Ÿ À¬ÿ¥ · ßÕÿ∑—¬, ‡≈à¡‡¥’¬«°—π, Àπâ“ ˜˘) ´÷Ëßμ“¡
ª.æ.æ. ¡“μ√“ Ùˆ ¢Õß‡√“°Á∂◊ÕÀ≈—°π’È«à“‰¡à¡’¡Ÿ≈‡ÀμÿÕ—π®–Õâ“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ À¡“¬∂÷ß

‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬„Àâ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë®–‰¥â ‘Ëßπ—Èπ‰«â ´÷Ëß°ÁÀ¡“¬∂÷ß‰¥â¡“‚¥¬ª√“»®“°‡Àμÿ (Causa) π—Ëπ‡Õß
(¥Ÿ ®‘μμ‘ μ‘ß»¿—∑‘¬å, ¬≈ ∏’√°ÿ≈, §”Õ∏‘∫“¬ ª.æ.æ. ∫√√æ Ú ¡“μ√“ ÚÙÒ ∂÷ß¡“μ√“ ÙıÚ

Àπâ“ ÙÒı)

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