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Universal indicators
Universal indicators are a combination of several types of
sensitive indicators in a wide pH range. Universal indicators are
available in the form of solutions, paper and bars (sticks)
pH Meter
A pH meter is an electrochemical cell that provides a
high-precision pH value. pH meters have an electrode that
+
is sensitive to the concentration of ions (H ) in the solution.
Before use, the electrode must be calibrated by dipping it
into a standard solution whose pH is known.
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