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¢yÓ˚ò §yÌ# •y!ï˛Î˚yÓ˚ 2020

fl∫yô#l ˆò¢ !•§yˆÏÓ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ã˛y•zñ Î!ò xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ !ÓˆÏò¢# ˛õ%Ñ!çÓ˚ !ܲ!°ÇÛñ ˆlyÎ˚yáy!°Ó˚ @˝ÃyÙyMÈ˛ˆÏ° Ó˚ˆÏ_´ ˆË˛çy Ùy!ê˛ñ !Ó•yˆÏÓ˚Ó˚
í˛z˛õÓ˚ !lË≈˛Ó˚¢#° •ˆÏÎ˚ ˛õí˛¸ˆÏï˛ ly •Î˚ñ ï˛y•ˆÏ° ˆÎ=!° xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ˲yà°˛õ%ˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ ˲Î˚yÓ• òyDy– ~ܲ!òˆÏܲ !•®% Ù•y§Ë˛yñ x˛õÓ˚!òˆÏܲ
ˆÙÔ!°Ü˛ G ˲yÓ˚# !¢“ ˆÎÙl ˆ°y•yñ •zflõyï˛ñ á!lç §¡õò G Ù%§!°Ù °#à ~•z ò%•z §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ òˆÏ°Ó˚ ˆÓ˚£ÏyˆÏÓ˚!£ÏÓ˚ §ˆÏD Î%_´
≤ÃyÜ,˛!ï˛Ü˛ §¡õò§Ù)• Ó˚y‹T…#Î˚ Óy §yÙy!çܲ Ùy!°Ü˛ylyÎ˚ Ó˚yáˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÎ˚!SÈ° ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ !¢“ˆÏày¤˛#Ó˚ ¢#ˆÏ£Ï≈ Ìyܲy âl¢ƒyÙ òy§ !Óí˛¸°y
•ˆÏÓ– ˆË˛yàƒ˛õîƒ §Ù)• Óy ˆSÈyê˛È ÓƒÓ§yÈüÈÓy!îçƒ Óƒ!_´àï˛ ~ÓÇ ïÑ˛yÓ˚ !•®%ˆÏày¤˛#Ë%˛_´ Ü˛ÇˆÏ@˝Ã§# ˆlï,˛Ó,®– ~•z xÓfliyÎ˚
Ùy!°Ü˛ylyÎ˚ ÌyܲˆÏï˛ ˛õyˆÏÓ˚– ˆSÈyê˛ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §ˆÏD Óí˛¸ !¢ˆÏ“Ó˚ §Ùß∫Î˚ ˛õy!ܲhflÏyl àë˛ˆÏlÓ˚ !ÓˆÏÓ˚y!ôï˛y ܲˆÏÓ˚ ˙ܲƒÓk˛ fl∫yô#l ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛
âê˛yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ Ü˛Ù≈§Çfliyl Óyí˛¸yÓyÓ˚ çlƒ– Ü,˛!£ÏˆÏï˛ xyÙyˆÏòÓ˚ ÷Ó˚& •zí˛zly•zˆÏê˛í˛ ÓyÇ°yÓ˚ òy!ÓˆÏï˛ ˆ§yFã˛yÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚!SȈϰl ¢Ó˚Íã˛w Ó§%ñ
ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ xyÙ)° Ë)˛!Ù§ÇflÒyÓ˚ !òˆÏÎ˚– Ü,˛£ÏܲˆÏܲ ÷ô% ç!Ù !òˆÏ°•z Ê˛ç°%° •Ü˛ñ !ܲÓ˚î¢ÇܲÓ˚ Ó˚yÎ˚ ~ÓÇ Ü˛!Ùí˛z!lfiê˛ ˛õy!ê˛≈– ày¶˛#G
ã˛°ˆÏÓ ly ã˛y£Ï ܲÓ˚yÓ˚ Ù)°ôlG ˆçyê˛yˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ– ˆ§ˆÏã˛Ó˚ ç°ñ í˛zß¨ï˛ ï˛yˆÏï˛ xÓ˚y!ç !SȈϰl ly– !ܲv Óyò §yôˆÏ°l Ü˛ÇˆÏ@˝Ã§ñ Ù%§!°Ù
ÙyˆÏlÓ˚ Ó#ç §Ó˚ÓÓ˚y• ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ •ˆÏÓ ~ÓÇ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï í˛zͲõߨ Ê˛§° °#à ~ÓÇ !•®% Ù•y§Ë˛yÓ˚ Óy!ܲ ˆlï,˛c– ˆò¢!Ó˲yà xÓ¢ƒΩ˛yÓ#
!Óe´ˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ ÓyçyÓ˚ G Ê˛§ˆÏ°Ó˚ lƒy΃ òyÙ– !ܲv fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ ˆ§•z •ˆÏÎ˚ í˛z벰–
fl∫≤¿ xyç ˆË˛ˆÏ. ã%˛Ó˚ÙyÓ˚ •ˆÏÎ˚ ÎyˆÏFSÈ fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ ¢e&Ó˚y xyç ~Ó˚˛õÓ˚ •z!ï˛•yˆÏ§Ó˚ fl∫≤¿Ë˛ˆÏDÓ˚ ܲy!•l#– fl∫yô#lï˛y
ˆÜ˛w#Î˚ ¢y§l «˛Ùï˛yÎ˚ xy§#l •GÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚– !Ù°ˆÏ°yñ !ܲv ˲yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ í˛z˛õÙ•yˆÏòˆÏ¢ ~•z fl∫yô#lï˛y ôl#Ó˚
1947 §yˆÏ°Ó˚ 15•z xyàfiê˛ ày¶˛#!ç ˆÓˆÏ°âyê˛yÓ˚ ~ܲ fl∫yô#lï˛yñ ç!ÙòyÓ˚ÈüȈçyï˛òyˆÏÓ˚Ó˚ G !¢“˛õ!ï˛ˆÏòÓ˚ñ
x¶˛Ü˛yÓ˚yFSÈߨ Ù!OˆÏ° ӈϧ xl¢l ܲˆÏÓ˚ˆÏSÈl G ˆã˛yˆÏáÓ˚ ç° Ü˛yˆÏ°yÓyçyÓ˚#ˆÏòÓ˚ fl∫yô#lï˛y– ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚ í˛z_Ó˚ ˛õ!Ÿã˛ˆÏÙ ~ÓÇ
ˆÊ˛ˆÏ°!SȈϰl ˆò¢ÈüÈ!Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ ˆÓòlyÎ˚– ӈϰ!SȈϰl fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ ˛õ)Ó≈ÈüÈ≤Ãyhs˝ ç%ˆÏí˛¸ ≤Ã̈ÏÙ •yçyÓ˚ •yçyÓ˚ñ ˛õˆÏÓ˚ °«˛ÈüÈ°«˛ ~ÓÇ ˆ¢ˆÏ£Ï
~•z §%á ïÑ˛yÓ˚ ܲyˆÏSÈ x§•ƒ ÙˆÏl •ˆÏFSÈ– xyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÎ˚ܲÙy§ ˛õˆÏÓ˚•z ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ !SÈߨÙ)° Ùyl%£Ï Óy!í˛¸âÓ˚ñ çß√Ë)˛!Ù ˆSȈÏí˛¸ ã˛ˆÏ° xy§ˆÏ°l
1948ÈüÈ~Ó˚ 30 çyl%Î˚y!Ó˚ !•®%cÓyò#Ó˚y ïÑ˛yˆÏܲ =!° ܲˆÏÓ˚ •ï˛ƒy lï%˛l Ë)˛!ÙˆÏï˛– ~Ó˚y •ˆÏ°l í˛zmy›– lyê˛Ü˛#Î˚ ˲y£ÏyÎ˚ lyÙ Úlï%˛l
ܲˆÏÓ˚– xyÓ˚ §y¡±òy!Î˚ܲ ˆË˛òyˆÏ˲ˆÏò !má!u˛ï˛ G Ó˚_´y_´ ÓyÇ°y •z‡!òÛ– °yˆÏáy Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ Ó˚_´ˆÏflÀyˆÏï˛ ˆË˛ˆÏ§ ˆà° ˛õyܲÈüÈ˲yÓ˚ˆÏï˛Ó˚
G ˛õyOyˆÏÓÓ˚ ˛õ!Ó˚î!ï˛ G °«˛ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ í˛zmy› Ùyl%ˆÏ£ÏÓ˚ x§•yÎ˚ï˛y ˛õ)Ó≈ÈüÈ˛õ!Ÿã˛ˆÏÙÓ˚ §#Ùyhs˝ˆÏÓ˚áy– ˲yÓ˚ï˛#Î˚ lyÓ˚#Ó˚ §¡øylÈüȧæÙ xyÓ˚
G •ï˛ƒy°#°y ≤Ãï˛ƒ«˛ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ܲ!Ùí˛z!lfiê˛Ó˚y !ã˛ÍܲyÓ˚ ܲˆÏÓ˚ ӈϰ!SȈϰl !ܲS%È Ó˚•zˆÏ°y ly– fl∫yô#lï˛yÓ˚ §%á ˆË˛yà ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛ ly ܲÓ˚ˆÏï˛•z
Ú~•z xyçy!ò Ùy!l lyñ ~•z xyçy!ò V%˛ê˛y •ƒyÎ˚Û– ï˛yÓ˚y ˆË˛ˆÏÓ!SȈϰl ˆò¢!Ó˲yˆÏàÓ˚ ò%/ˆÏá •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° ˲yÓ˚ï˛ÓˆÏ£Ï≈Ó˚ ˲!ӣσ͖ xyç
!•®%ÈüÈÙ%§°Ùyl ò%•z ôÙ≈§¡±òyˆÏÎ˚Ó˚ !Ù°ˆÏl ˆÎ Ù•yçy!ï˛ àë˛ˆÏlÓ˚ xyÓyÓ˚ lï%˛l ܲˆÏÓ˚ í˛zmy› •GÎ˚yÓ˚ ˛õˆÏÌ xy§yˆÏÙÓ˚ 40 °«˛
˛õ!Ó˚ܲ“ly ܲˆÏÓ˚!SȈϰl Ó˚Ó#wlyÌ ë˛yÜ%˛Ó˚ñ ~ܲ•z Ó,ˆÏhs˝ ò%Û!ê˛ Ü%˛§%Ù ï˛Ìyܲ!Ìï˛ lyà!Ó˚ܲc•#l ˆò¢Óy§#ñ Óy.y!°– xyÓ˚ !lçË)˛ˆÏÙ
Ó˚*ˆÏ˛õ ÎyˆÏòÓ˚ ܲ“ly ܲˆÏÓ˚!SȈϰl ܲyç# lçÓ˚&° •z§°yÙñ ï˛yÓ˚ ˛õÓ˚Óy§# •ˆÏÎ˚ ˆà° Ü˛Ù Ü˛ˆÏÓ˚ ˆòí˛¸ ˆÜ˛y!ê˛ Ü˛yŸ¬#Ó˚Óy§#– •y!Ó˚ˆÏÎ˚
˛õ!Ó˚î!ï˛ 1946ÈüÈ~Ó˚ 16 xyàfiê˛ Ü˛°Ü˛yï˛yÓ˚ Ú!ò ˆ@˝Ãê˛ Ü˛ƒy°Ü˛yê˛y ˆà° ܲ!Ó •zܲÓyˆÏ°Ó˚ Ú§yˆÏÓ˚ çÑy•yˆÏ§ xyFSÈyÛÈüÈÓ˚ ˆ§•z ˆò¢ˆÏ≤ÃÙ–

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