Page 5 - Group 4_Project_CESP2021

MATERIAL
DESCRIPTION

1. Definition of Covalent Compound
You must often hear the word water. Water is the most important thing in

everyday life. Since the dawn of civilization on earth, water has remained the most
important commodity for humans, and because of this, water has been known by several

names including the “elixir of life” and “universal solvent”. Microscopically or

according to science, especially chemistry, the molecules that make up water are H2O.
Water is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom by a covalent bond.

The two atoms, both hydrogen and oxygen, are non-metals.

Figure. Water (H2O)

The bond that occurs due to the sharing of electron pairs by two atoms is called

a covalent bond (James E. Brady, 1990). A covalent bond is formed between two atoms
that both want to gain electrons (non-metal atoms). The pair of electrons that are shared

is called the bonding pair (PEI) and the pair of valence electrons that are not involved
in forming a covalent bond is called the lone pair (PEB).

Atoms that are difficult to remove electrons or have a high ionization energy

and atoms that are difficult to withdraw electrons or have a low electron affinity have a
tendency to form pairs of electrons that are shared. The electron pairs formed by

bonding atoms can come from the two joined atoms or can also come from one of the
joined atoms (Hartono and Wulansari, 2017).

A covalent bond is a bond that occurs due to the sharing of pairs of electrons. If

the electron pair comes from each of the bonded atoms, the bond formed is a covalent
bond. In a covalent bond, the bonded atoms will bond by using shared electrons so that

these atoms can have an electron configuration like that of the noble gas elements. If in

Covalent Compound| 4