Page 67 - PPW (Paper Proposal Writing)

4 Anindita and Patria’s (2016) studying that the agricultural field face

challenges in the rarity of farmlands affecting farmer’s welfare.

5 “The action applied have show some significant impacts for the

development of students’ autonomy” (Putri, 2018).

6 In her study, Angelo (2017) did not confirms some previous findings
stating that gastro diplomacy is effective to be applied in particular

situations.

b.

Change the verbs provided in the following citations into past tense or present perfect correctly.
1. Barrat (1985) ……………………. (emphasize) that in order to maintain the peace among

countries, diplomacy must function completely.
2. The results ……………………. (prove) the hypothesis stating that family support can help

children with special needs to gain their confidence in dealing with the life challenges

(Johnson, 2017).

3. In Nicholson’s (2022) long-term experimental study, the treatments given

……………………. (stimulate) students’ interest in learning English successfully.
4. Pitts et.al (2017) as cited in Rathee (2022) ……………………. (mention) that “the ecological

plaque hypothesis believes that dental caries is not caused by a specific type of

microorganism acting alone but is the result of a shift in the microbiota of the dental
biofilm towards more cariogenic species”.

5. Debebe (2004) ……………………. (explain) that “the primary function of an antibody in

body defenses is to combine with antigen, which may be enough to neutralize bacterial

toxins or some viruses”.

6. Paine (2019) ……………………. (argue) that predators and parasites are more abundant in
the tropics than elsewhere.

7. Research ……………………. (discover) that young people in foster care are at high risk for

psychiatric disorders and poor long-term functional outcomes (Berry, 2022; Gimmel et
al., 2020).

8. Smith (2008) ……………………. (report) that adult respondents in his study remembered

30 percent more than children.

Paper Proposal Writing 59