Page 62 - PPW (Paper Proposal Writing)
P. 62
To ensure that your version correctly conveys all the crucial information in a new form,
compare your interpretation with the original. To paraphrase, you may make changes in
grammar, word order, or vocabulary to create new statement with the same meaning as the
original. There are 6 paraphrasing tools you can apply.
1. Find synonyms for some of the words.
Original : The children under 5 years old are prone to diseases caused by viruses.
Paraphrased : Toddlers have higher risk of getting ill due to viruses.
2. Change the verb into negative.
Original : Plagiarism brings a number of losses for students in their learning.
Paraphrased : Plagiarism does not result in advantages for students in their learning.
3. Change the voice (from active into passive sentences or from passive into active
sentences).
Original : The rising of oil prices triggers the rising prices of other primary
commodities.
Paraphrased : The rising prices of other commodities is triggered by the rising of oil prices.
4. Change part of speech (change nouns into verbs, verbs into nouns, etc.)
Original : A good student-teacher relationship improves students’ motivation in
learning.
Paraphrased : A good student-teacher relationship facilitates the improvement of
students’ learning motivation.
5. Combine sentences (use connecting words to combine shorter phrases and sentences or
to divide longer sentences into shorter ones).
Original : Bullying results in some psychological disorders. It should not be ignored.
Paraphrased : Bullying which results in some psychological disorders should not be
ignored.
6. Move phrases: Move parts of a sentence to change the sentence structure.
Original : Among high school students, peer interaction and acceptance is highly
significant on their confidence level.
Paraphrased : Peer interaction and acceptance has strong significance on the confidence
level among high school students.
Adapted from: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/paraphrasing;
https://www.grammarly.com/blog/paraphrase/
54 Paper Proposal Writing
