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Rigorous and P ragmatic Methods & T ools
M ET HODS A N D T OOL S
System Virtual
Value Optimization
Modeling Immersive Testing
Composable Visualization
Design
Modeling & Visual
Stakeholder Simulation Predictive Analytics
Analysis Modeling
System
Architecting
SHORING UP THE
THEORETICAL TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT PLANNING
FOUNDATION
OF SYSTEMS
ENGINEERING
PROBLEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
DEFINITION SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS VERIFICATION VALIDATION

Knowledge Ontology Psychology Physics
Representation
Control
Theory
Decision Behavioral Chemistry
Theory Complexity Economics
Theory
Game
Theory Network Biology
Science Organizational
Theory Earth
Probability General Science
Theory Systems Theory

MATHEMATICS SYSTEMS SCIENCE SOCIAL & NATURAL
& INFO SCIENCE AND THEORY HUMAN SCIENCES SCIENCES

FOU N D A T IONS

Systems Theories Across Disciplines

Engineered systems increasingly derive their be- ships among the parts and the emergent proper-
havior from complex interactions between tightly ties of the whole. This reflects a shift in emphasis
coupled parts, covering multiple disciplines. It is from reductionism to holism. Systems Science
therefore important to develop a scientific founda- seeks to provide a common vocabulary (ontol-
tion that helps us to understand the whole rather ogy), and general principles explaining the nature
than just the parts, that focuses on the relation- of complex systems.

Copyright 2014 International Council on Systems Engineering
The Future State • 41