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Obstacles to progress

Distortions

Official Development Assistance received in millions of US dollars
2012 2013 2015

Seychelles 35.3 25.4 6.78
Sierra Leone 442.8 443.7 946.33
Somalia 998.6 991.9 1253.37
South Africa 1067.1 1292.9 1420.27
South Sudan 1578 1447.4 1674.83
Sudan 983.2 1163.1 899.78
Swaziland 88.1 115.9 93.63
Tanzania 2831.8 3430.2 2582.24
Tog 241.4 220.5 199.59
Tunisia 1017 713.6 474.54
Uganda 1655.1 1692.5 1628.2
Zambia 957.7 1142.4 797.14
Zimbabwe 1001.2 811 788.29

Africa Total 46023.6 51314.22 44744.97
World Total 97462.6 152727.7
Africa % of
World Total 47.2% 29.3%

Source : Wikipedia : "List of Countries by Official Development Assistance Received." 325

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“Over 206 million people in 81 countries were estimated to need humanitarian
assistance in 2018, and almost US$29 billion was given in response. “

"Strengthening Knowledge of Humanitarian Assistance." 326
Development Initiatives.

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The Effectiveness of Aid

Relative effectiveness of Bilateral & Multilateral Aid

“ Foreign Aid is the most important source of international funding for countries with
government spending below PPP1US$500 per person per year, accounting forroughly
70% of funding from international sources (Coppard et al., 2013). According to the most

recent available data from the Organization for Economic Cooperationand Development
(OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Creditor Reporting System (CRS),

total net Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) flows from DAC countries to
developing countries were US$137.2 billion in 2014.