Page 129 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Human Performance

2.4.1.4 Conscious and unconscious processing ................................................ 149
2.4.2 The autonomic nervous system ................................................................. 150

2.4.2.1 Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system ............................. 150

2.4.3 Diseases in the nervous system ................................................................ 150

2.5 The senses ......................................................................................... 151

2.5.1 Vision ......................................................................................................... 152

2.5.1.1 The blind spot ....................................................................................... 152
2.5.1.2 Central and peripheral vision ................................................................ 153

2.5.1.3 Rods and cones ..................................................................................... 154
2.5.1.4 Visual perception .................................................................................. 155

2.5.1.5 Eye diseases .......................................................................................... 156

2.5.2 Approach illusions...................................................................................... 156

2.5.2.1 Approach to uphill sloping runway ...................................................... 157
2.5.2.2 Approach to downhill sloping runway ................................................. 157

2.5.3 Other traffic ............................................................................................... 158

2.5.3.1 Collision risk ......................................................................................... 158
2.5.4 Hearing ....................................................................................................... 159

2.5.4.1 Structure of the ear .............................................................................. 160

2.5.4.2 Pressure in the ear ............................................................................... 160
2.5.4.3 The semicircular canals ........................................................................ 161

2.5.4.4 Otoliths (ear stones) ............................................................................ 162

2.5.5 The sense of balance ................................................................................. 162
2.5.5.1 Spatial disorientation ........................................................................... 164

2.5.5.2 Graveyard spin and cross-coupling ...................................................... 165

2.5.5.3 Leans .................................................................................................... 165
2.5.5.4 Illusion of high speed ........................................................................... 166

2.5.6 Non-verbal communication ....................................................................... 166

2.5.7 Perception .................................................................................................. 167

2.5.7.1 Stimuli and response ............................................................................ 168
2.5.7.2 Complacency ........................................................................................ 170

2.6 Flying and health ................................................................................ 170

2.6.1 Pilot condition and preparation................................................................. 171

2.6.2 Illness and medication ............................................................................... 172

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 129