Page 128 - PPL-engelsk 2025

Human Performance

Human Performance

Indholdsfortegnelse Side

2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 132

2.2 The atmosphere we fly in ............................................................................. 133

2.3 Human respiratory system ........................................................................... 133

2.3.1 Lungs ........................................................................................................... 134

2.3.1.1 Alveoli ................................................................................................... 134
2.3.1.2 Gas exchange in an alveoli .................................................................... 135

2.3.2 The breathing mecanism ........................................................................... 135

2.3.2.1 Inhalation ............................................................................................. 136
2.3.2.2 Exhalation ............................................................................................. 136

2.3.3 Oxygen absorption .................................................................................... 137

2.3.3.1 Metabolism ........................................................................................... 138
2.3.3.2 Blood ..................................................................................................... 138

2.3.3.3 Hæmoglobin.......................................................................................... 139

2.3.4 Oxygen deficiency ...................................................................................... 140
2.3.4.1 Oxygen absorption at altitude .............................................................. 140

2.3.4.2 Oxygen deficiency at altitude ............................................................... 141

2.3.4.3 Symptoms of oxygen deficiency ........................................................... 142
2.3.4.4 Time of useful consciousness ............................................................... 142

2.3.5 Other causes of oxygen deficiency ............................................................. 143

2.3.5.1 G-forces ................................................................................................ 143
2.3.5.2 Hyperventilation ................................................................................... 144

2.3.5.3 Problems with pressure changes .......................................................... 144

2.3.5.4 Blood donations .................................................................................... 145
2.3.5.5 Other causes of oxygen deficiency ....................................................... 145

2.4 Human physiology ........................................................................................ 146

2.4.1 The central and the peripheral nervous system ........................................ 147

2.4.1.1 The central nervous system .................................................................. 147

2.4.1.2 The peripheral nervous system ............................................................ 148
2.4.1.3 Processing information in the brain ..................................................... 148

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 128