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142	       Big	Data	Analytics	for	Connected	Vehicles	and	Smart	Cities	                	           The Practical Application of Analytics to Transportation	  143


                                        Table 7.1
                             Candidate Analytics for Integrated Payment
             Candidate Analytics  Application Notes
             Active accounts as a   This would enable inactive accounts to be highlighted and
             proportion of total accounts  action taken to either encourage customers to become active
                                  or to cancel accounts, thus reducing cost and increasing
                                  revenue.
             Cost to manage each account  This enables the cost of managing each account to be
                                  determined and form the basis for cost-reduction exercises.
             Proportion of transactions   Provides an indication of the balance of the different payment
             supported by each payment   channels being used, enabling capacity optimization and
             channel              repricing of payment channels if necessary.
             Cost per transaction for each   Supports evaluation of the cost of each transaction by
             payment channel      payment channel, thus providing guidance to marketing and
                                  outreach to promote each channel.
             Revenue losses as proportion  A measure of comparative efficiency of the enforcement
             of total enforcement   process against other integrated payment systems,
             expenditure          forming the basis for improvement in the efficiency of the
                                  enforcement process.
             Expenditure on revenue and   Compares the total resources expended in enforcement
             fraud control as a proportion   to the total revenue of the integrated payment system,
             of total revenue     providing a yardstick for the efficiency and effectiveness of
                                  the enforcement process.
             Reduction of fraud or leakage  This relates the total expenditure on fraud control and
             as a proportion of expenditure  enforcement to the effects achieved in terms of a reduction
             on revenue and fraud control  in fraud and violations.
             Revenue per customer  Provides an indication of the size of the customer base and
                                  an assessment of whether revenues are coming from a small
                                  or large number of customers.
             Cost per statement   Provide an assessment of the efficiency of the billing system.
             Customer satisfaction index  This will form the basis for improvements to customer
                                  outreach, communications, and service quality levels
             Highest volume origin   This and other trip pattern analytics would enable careful
             destination pair     matching of capacity with demand.
             Location of premium   Knowing the location of premium customers would enable
             customers            service improvements to be focused on those customers
                                  providing the highest value and car parking fee collection




          gence of Uber and Lyft and their ability to drive privately operated mobility
          services to customers. It could be argued that such companies have successfully
          addressed the challenge of ride-sharing, which has been the subject of much
          investment and planning within the public sector. The emergence of these pri-
          vate services is also likely to change user perception with respect to the business
          model used to deliver transportation services. For example, it is possible that a
          traveler could decide not to purchase a personal vehicle, but make use of Uber
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