Page 164 - Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities

144 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities The Practical Application of Analytics to Transportation 145

Table 7.2
Candidate Analytics for MaaS
Candidate Analytics Application Notes
Number of services The number of services available as a yardstick of transportation
available service choice; can form the basis for adding or supplementing
services.
Destination served The number of services available is another dimension of the choice
available to the traveler. This can be matched to the demand for
transportation to make sure that mobility has been provided.
Total cost of each service The absolute cost of each service enabling comparisons between
services and comparisons of cost of travel between different zones.
Cost of each service Enables the measurement of the affordability of each service and
as a proportion of total can be contrasted by trip and by zone.
household income
Overall reliability of all Provides an indication of the quality of the service being delivered
services and could form the basis for strategies to improve reliability through
investment in additional vehicles or advanced asset management
techniques.
Reliability of each service Focuses on the reliability of individual services as an indication of
how desirable each service is.
Availability of the service Availability can be measured in terms of routine availability and
events that cause a reduction in the availability for each service.
Overall availability of all A measure of the overall level of availability for the service portfolio,
services hence providing a measure of service for the zone or traveler.

This will also include coordination with emergency services. Arterial traf-
fic management involves the use of advanced traffic signal control to manage
traffic at intersections. Sensors are used to measure traffic volumes, and sophis-
ticated software programs are used to adjust signal timings to align with changes
in traffic demand and to ensure coordination between adjacent intersections.
The same techniques and technologies are applied to urban surface streets,
where intersections are typically grouped more closely, and in many cases, the
road pattern forms a grid with multiple traffic flows at intersections, in contrast
to the corridor-like context of arterials.
For all three of these elements associated with advanced traffic man-
agement, the objective is to minimize congestion and delays by ensuring the
smooth operation of freeways, arterials, and surface streets. Operation can be
considered to take place under both recurring and nonrecurring congestion
conditions. Nonrecurring congestion would be that associated with an inci-
dent, roadwork, or a special event. Recurring congestion is associated with the
typical daily commute pattern and is usually caused by an excess of demand
overcapacity at certain times of the day. Traffic management presents both a
geographical and temporal challenge that can be very effectively addressed by
analytics.