Page 68 - Feline Cardiology

Table 7.3. Echocardiographically derived indices of left ventricular diastolic function in normal cats
Parameter Schober et al. Chetboul et al. Bright et al. Santilli and Bussadori

HR (bpm) 132 ± 15 184 ± 33 191 (127–308)*
IVRT (ms) 71 ± 17 43 ± 9 46.2 ± 0.76 55.40 ± 13.24
HR (bpm) 137 ± 28
Peak E (m/s) 0.67 ± 0.14 0.7 ± 0.1 0.70 ± 0.14 0.67 ± 0.13
Peak A (m/s) 0.33 ± 0.11 0.5 ± 0.1 0.65 ± 0.14 0.59 ± 0.14
E:A 2.27 ± 1.00 1.5 ± 0.3 1.12 ± 0.22 1.19 ± 0.30 Diagnostic Testing
HR (bpm) 135 ± 35
Peak S (m/s) 0.25 ± 0.07
Peak D (m/s) 0.23 ± 0.04
S:D 1.14 ± 0.32
HR (bpm) 130 ± 37
Peak S’ septal (cm/s) 4.19 ± 0.82
Peak E’ septal (cm/s) 6.42 ± 1.25
Peak A’ septal (cm/sec) 3.64 ± 1.47
Peak S’ lateral (cm/s) 3.99 ± 0.41
Peak E’ lateral (cm/s) 8.34 ± 2.04
Peak A’ lateral (cm/sec) 4.01 ± 1.65
PPVs (m/s) 0.48 ± 0.14 0.39 ± 0.12
PPVd (m/s) 0.47 ± 0.10 0.44 ± 0.09
PPVr (m/s) 0.23 ± 0.06 0.010 ± 0.002
BW (kg) 4.6 ± 1.8 3.68 ± 1.28
Age (yr) 4 (0.25–19)* 7.75 ± 4.51

HR = heart rate; IVRT = isovolumic relaxation time; Peak E = peak velocity of early diastolic mitral flow wave (E wave); Peak A = peak
velocity of late diastolic mitral flow wave (A wave); Peak S = peak velocity of systolic pulmonary venous flow wave (S wave); Peak
D = peak velocity of early diastolic pulmonary venous flow wave (D wave); Peak S’ septal = peak velocity of systolic septal mitral
annulus motion (S’ wave); Peak E’ septal = peak velocity of early diastolic septal mitral annulus motion (E’ wave); Peak A’ septal = peak
velocity of late diastolic septal mitral annulus motion (A’ wave); Peak Sa lateral = peak velocity of systolic lateral mitral annulus motion
(S’ wave); Peak E’ lateral = peak velocity of early diastolic lateral mitral annulus motion (E’ wave); Peak A’ lateral = peak velocity of
late diastolic lateral mitral annulus motion (A’ wave); PPVs = peak pulmonary venous systolic velocity; PPVd = peak pulmonary venous
diastolic velocity; PPVr = peak pulmonary venous retrograde velocity; BW = body weight.
* variables presented as median and range).

Impaired Pseudo-
Normal relaxation normalized Restrictive

Mitral inflow
Velocity A
E A E A E A E
E′ A′ E′ A′ E′ A′
E′ A′
Mitral Annulus
Velocity

Increasing left atrial pressure

Worsening diastolic function
Figure 7.9. An overview of transmitral Doppler echocardiography changes and mitral annulus tissue Doppler changes that occur with
progressive diastolic dysfunction and increasing left atrial pressure.

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