Page 71 - Feline Cardiology

66 Section B: Diagnostic Testing

applicable in cats. Transesophageal echocardiography Drourr L, Lefbom BK, Rosenthal SL, Tyrrell WD. Measurement of
has limited application in feline cardiology. The small M-mode echocardiographic parameters in healthy adult Maine
coon cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;226:734–737.
patient body size necessitates pediatric transesophageal Fox PR, Liu SK, Maron B. Echocardiographic assessment of spontane-
transducers, which may be cost-prohibitive. Additionally, ously occurring feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An animal
the patient must be anesthetized for the procedure and Jacobs G, Knight DH. M-mode echocardiographic measurements in
model of human disease. Circulation 1995;92:2645.
Diagnostic Testing was not as consistently superior to transthoracic images Jacobs G, Knight DH. Change in M-mode echocardiographic
one study found that the quality of heart base images
nonanesthetized healthy cats: Effects of body weight, heart rate
and other variables. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985a;46:1705–1711.
in cats as has been reported in dogs using this modality
(Kienle et al. 1997).
values in cats given ketamine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985b;46:
Another more promising development is 3D ultra-
1712–1713.
sound imaging of the heart. Technologic enhancements
cardiography in the normal cat. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1997;38:
in 2D imaging have led to the development of real-time Kienle RD, Thomas WP, Rishniw M. Biplane transesophageal echo-
3D echocardiography. Specific equipment, software, and 288–298.
training are necessary. The technique is particularly useful Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A,
Sboros V, Anderson T, Smith P, Simpson K, McDicken WN. Peak
prior to cardiac surgery to fully define structural abnor- mean myocardial velocities and velocity gradients measured by
malities in advance of the procedure, and it is becoming color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging in healthy cats. J Vet Intern
increasingly available as the technology matures. Med 2003;17:510–524.
Koffas H, Dukes-McEwan J, Corcoran BM, Moran CM, French A,
Sboros V, Simpson K, Anderson T, McDicken WN. Pulsed tissue
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