Page 340 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

Reproductive Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption Chapter | 17 307

VetBooks.ir TABLE 17.2 (Continued) Recommendation Comments

Drug
Trimethoprim sulfadiazine B Manufacturer states that it is safe during pregnancy in dogs; see also
(Tribrissen, Coopers) trimethoprim and sulfonamides.
Trimethoprim B Teratogenic in rats but probably safe in other species. Folate antagonism and
bone marrow depression are possible with prolonged use.
Ticarcillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Tobramycin C Aminoglycoside antibiotics easily cross the placenta and may cause 8th nerve
toxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Tylosin B No information is available.
Antifungal drugs
Amphotericin-B C There are no known teratogenic effects, but amphotericin is extremely toxic.
Use only if the disease is life threatening, in absence of a suitable alternative.
Griseofulvin D Teratogenic in rats; causes multiple skeletal and brain malformations in cats.
Ketoconazole B Teratogenic and embryotoxic in rats; antiandrogenic; stillbirths have been
reported in dogs.
Miconazole A Apparently safe if applied topically.
Antiparasitic drugs
Amitraz C Manufacturer states that reproduction studies have not been done;
no information available.
Diethylcarbamazine A Manufacturer states that the drug may be given to dogs throughout gestation.
Dithiazanine iodide (Dizan, B No information is available; iodide salts may cause congenital goiter if
TechAmerica) administered for prolonged periods during pregnancy.
Fenbendazole A Safe. Has been administered to pregnant bitches without producing adverse
effects.
Dichlorvos (Task, Solvay) B Caution is advised when administering cholinesterase inhibitors to pregnant
animals; it should not be administered to puppies or kittens, but studies in
pregnant dogs and cats suggest that there are no adverse effects during
pregnancy.
Ivermectin A Safe. Reproduction studies in dogs, cattle, horses and pigs have not shown
adverse effects.
Levamisole C No information available.
Mebendazole A Safe. In reproduction studies in dogs, it was not teratogenic or embryotoxic.
Piperazine A Safe. No known contraindications for the use of piperazine.
Praziquantel A Safe. No adverse effects were seen when tested in pregnant dogs and cats.
Thiacetarsamide C No specific information regarding toxicity to fetus is available. It can be
(Caparsolate sodium, CEVA) hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic, and heartworm adulticide should be postponed
until after parturition.
Bunamidine A Has been administered to pregnant bitches without problems and is safe in
pregnant cats. Slight interference with spermatogenesis has been seen in male
dogs.
Pyrantel A Safe. Toxicity studies have not shown any adverse effects.
Thenium A Safe. Manufacturer states that except in young puppies, there are no known
contraindications.
Thiabendazole B Thiabendazole is not teratogenic in laboratory animals, but high doses have
produced toxemia in ewes.
(Continued )