Page 343 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

310 SECTION | II Organ Toxicity

VetBooks.ir TABLE 17.2 (Continued) Recommendation Comments

Drug
Digitalis A Probably safe. No adverse effects seen in humans and laboratory animals
(see text).
Furosemide B No adverse effects have been reported.
Dopamine B Probably safe at therapeutic doses.
Heparin B Does not appear to cross placenta.
Hydralazine B Probably safe. There have been reports of minor toxicity in rats, but it has been
administered safely to pregnant women.
Isoproterenol C May cause fetal tachycardia; beta-adrenergic drugs inhibit uterine contractions.
Lidocaine B Probably safe. May cause fetal bradycardia.
Nitroglycerin C No information available.
Nitroprusside C There is a risk of fetal cyanide toxicity with prolonged use.
Procainamide B Probably safe. May cause fetal bradycardia.
Propranolol C May cause fetal bradycardia, respiratory depression and neonatal
hypoglycemia; avoid use near term.
Quinidine B Probably safe. May cause fetal bradycardia.
Theophylline B No reports of adverse effects.
Thiazide diuretics C May cause increased incidence of perinatal mortality.
Warfarin D Causes embryotoxicity and congenital malformations, neural tube defects in
laboratory animals and humans.
Anticonvulsant drugs
Diazepam C Has been associated with congenital defects in mice, rats and people.
Phenobarbital B Has been associated with rare congenital defects and bleeding tendencies in
newborn but may be safer than other anticonvulsants (see text).
Phenytoin C Teratogenic in rats, mice and people.
Primidone C Same risks as phenobarbital and has been associated with increased incidence
of hepatitis in adult dogs.
Valproic acid C May cause congenital malformations.
Muscle relaxants
Dantrolene C Safety not established.
Dimethyltubocurarine B Quarternary base with negligible placental transfer; it does not affect the fetus
unless administered in large doses.
Gallamine B Quarternary base with negligible placental transfer; it does not affect the fetus
unless administered in large doses.
Methocarbamol C Safety not established; manufacturer states that it should not be administered
during pregnancy.
Pancuronium B Quarternary base with negligible placental transfer; it does not affect the fetus
unless administered in large doses.
Succinylcholine B Quarternary base with negligible placental transfer; it does not affect the fetus
unless administered in large doses.
Endocrine drugs
Betamethasone C Corticosteroids have been associated with increased incidence of cleft palate
and other congenital malformations, and they may induce premature labor and
abortion in dogs (see text).
(Continued )