Page 339 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

306 SECTION | II Organ Toxicity

VetBooks.ir TABLE 17.2 Safety of Drugs in Pregnancy Comments

Recommendation
Drug
Antimicrobial drugs
Amikacin C Aminoglycoside antibiotics easily cross the placenta and may cause 8th nerve
toxicity or nephrotoxicity.
Ampicillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Amoxicillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Carbenicillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Cephalosporins A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Chloramphenicol C May decrease protein synthesis in fetus, particularly in bone marrow.
Ciprofloxacin D Do not use during pregnancy; quinolones have been associated with articular
cartilage defects.
Clavulanic acid amoxicillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
(Clavamox, Beecham)
Clindamycin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Cloxacillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Dicloxacillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Doxycycline D Tetracyclines can cause bone and teeth malformations in fetus and may cause
toxicity in mother.
Enrofloxacin D See ciprofloxacin.
Erythromycin A Appears to be safe except for erythromycin estolate, which has been shown to
increase the risk of hepatotoxicity in women.
Gentamicin C Aminoglycoside antibiotics easily cross the placenta and may cause 8th nerve
toxicity or nephrotoxicity. However, specific toxicities from gentamicin have
not been reported, and it may be used for a serious infection in place of a
suitable alternative.
Hetacillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Kanamycin C Aminoglycoside antibiotics easily cross the placenta and may cause 8th nerve
toxicity of nephrotoxicity.
Lincomycin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to cause problems in fetus.
Metronidazole C Teratogenic in laboratory animals, but there is no information for dogs and
cats. It should be avoided during the first 3 weeks of pregnancy.
Neomycin A Not absorbed sufficiently to cause systemic effects after oral administration.
Oxacillin A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
Oxytetracycline D Toxic to fetus and may increase risk of hepatitis in mother (see tetracycline).
Penicillin G (benzyl A Crosses the placenta but has not been shown to be harmful to fetus.
penicillin)
Streptomycin D See gentamicin. Streptomycin is associated with higher incidence of 8th nerve
toxicity than other aminoglycosides.
Sulfonamides B Sulfonamides cross the placenta and have produced congenital malformations
in rats and mice, but problems have not been reported in dogs or cats; in
people, they have caused neonatal icterus when administered near term. Avoid
long-acting sulfonamides.
Tetracycline D Tetracyclines can cause bone and teeth malformations in fetus and may cause
toxicity in mother.
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