Page 785 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 46 Disorders of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 757

influence of GH and thyroid hormone on growth processes, Frank LA, et al. Adrenal steroid hormone concentrations in dogs
subnormal concentrations of thyroid hormone may dimin- with hair cycle arrest (Alopecia X) before and during treatment
VetBooks.ir ish the effectiveness of GH therapy. Dogs and cats with sus- Feline Acromegaly
with melatonin and mitotane. Vet Derm. 2004;15:278.
pected concurrent TSH deficiency should be treated with
Berg RIM, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration
daily thyroid hormone supplementation, as discussed in
Chapter 48. in cats with diabetes mellitus and acromegaly. J Vet Intern Med.
Hypersensitivity reactions and insulin resistance leading 2007;21:892.
to diabetes mellitus are the primary adverse reactions associ- Dunning MD, et al. Exogenous insulin treatment after hypofrac-
ated with GH injections. An increase in height is dependent tionated radiotherapy in cats with diabetes mellitus and acro-
megaly. J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23:243.
on the status of the growth plates at the time treatment is Fletcher CJ, et al. Hypersomatotropism in 3 cats without concur-
initiated. A significant increase in height may occur if the rent diabetes mellitus. J Vet Intern Med. 2016;30:2031.
growth plates are open, and minimal to no change in height Gostelow R, et al. Pasireotide long-acting release treatment for dia-
will occur if the growth plates have closed. betic cats with underlying hypersomatotropism. J Vet Intern Med.
An increase in body size and regrowth of a complete 2017;31:355.
haircoat have been reported in pituitary dwarfs treated with Lamb CR, et al. Computed tomographic signs of acromegaly
medroxyprogesterone acetate). Progestogens induce expres- in 68 diabetic cats with hypersomatotropism. J Fel Med Surg.
sion of the GH gene in the mammary gland of dogs, resulting 2014;16:99.
in GH secretion from foci of hyperplastic ductular epithelial Lourenco ER, et al. Abdominal ultrasonographic findings in acro-
cells and increased plasma concentrations of GH and IGF-1. megalic cats. J Fel Med Surg. 2015;17:698.
Adverse reactions associated with progestogen treatment Meij BP, et al. Successful treatment of acromegaly in a diabetic cat
with transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. J Fel Med Surg. 2010;
include recurrent pruritic pyoderma, abnormal skeletal 12:406.
development, mammary tumors, diabetes mellitus, acro- Murai A, et al. GH-producing mammary tumors in two dogs with
megaly, and cystic endometrial hyperplasia. acromegaly. J Vet Med Sci. 2012;74:771.
Myers JA, et al. Echocardiographic findings in 11 cats with acro-
Prognosis
megaly. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28:1235.
The prognosis for dogs with pituitary dwarfism is unpredict- Niessen SJM, et al. Feline acromegaly: an underdiagnosed endocri-
able and dependent on the severity of GH deficiency (i.e., nopathy? J Vet Intern Med. 2007;21:899.
partial or complete); the impact of GH deficiency on devel- Posch B, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in 15 acrome-
opment of organ systems such as the skeletal, neuromuscu- galic cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2011;52:422.
lar, and immune systems; presence and expansion of Reusch CE, et al. Measurements of growth hormone and insulin-
concurrent pituitary cyst; and the severity of changes to the like growth factor 1 in cats with diabetes mellitus. Vet Rec.
2006;158:195.
skin that develop over time. In our experience, pituitary Scudder CJ, et al. Pasireotide for the medical management of feline
dwarf dogs have typically lived 3 to 6 years, with outliers hypersomatotropism. J Vet Intern Med. 2015;29:1074.
living up to 10 years. Sellon RK, et al. Linear-accelerator-based modified radiosurgical
treatment of pituitary tumors in cats: 11 cases (1997-2008). J Vet
Suggested Readings Intern Med. 2009;23:1038.
Feldman EC, et al. Canine and feline endocrinology. ed 4. St. Louis: Tschuor F, et al. Evaluation of four methods used to measure
Elsevier; 2015. plasma inulin-like growth factor 1 concentrations in healthy cats
and cats with diabetes mellitus or other diseases. Am J Vet Res.
Diabetes Insipidus 1925;73:2012.
Aroch I, et al. Central diabetes insipidus in five cats: clinical pre-
sentation, diagnosis and oral desmopressin therapy. J Fel Med Pituitary Dwarfism
Surg. 2005;7:333. Knottenbelt CM, Herrtage ME. Use of proligestone in the manage-
Meij BP, et al. Lymphocytic hypophysitis in a dog with diabetes ment of three German Shepherd dogs with pituitary dwarfism. J
insipidus. J Comp Path. 2012;147:503. Small Anim Pract. 2002;43:164.
Oliveira KM, et al. Head trauma as a possible cause of central dia- Kooistra HS, et al. Progestin-induced growth hormone (GH) pro-
betes insipidus in a cat. J Fel Med Surg. 2012;15:155. duction in the treatment of dogs with congenital GH deficiency.
van Vonderen IK, et al. Disturbed vasopressin release in 4 dogs with Domest Anim Endocrinol. 1998;15:93.
so-called primary polydipsia. J Vet Intern Med. 1999;13:419. Kooistra HS, et al. Combined pituitary hormone deficiency in
van Vonderen IK, et al. Vasopressin response to osmotic stimula- German Shepherd dogs with dwarfism. Domest Anim Endocri-
tion in 18 young dogs with polyuria and polydipsia. J Vet Intern nol. 2000;19:177.
Med. 2004;18:800. Voorbij PA, et al. Pituitary dwarfism in Saarloos and Czechoslova-
kian Wolfdogs is associated with a mutation n LHX3. J Vet Intern
Endocrine Alopecia Med. 1770;28:2014.
Behrend EN, et al. Atypical Cushing’s syndrome in dogs: arguments
for and against. Vet Clin N Am. 2010;40:285.