Page 455 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 23 Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract 433

TABLE 23.1 Summary of Common Oral Tumors in the Dog and Cat a

VetBooks.ir Malignant SCC CANINE Acanthomatous SCC FELINE Fibrosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Ameloblastoma
Melanoma
Frequency 30%–40% 17%–25% 8%–25% 5% 70%–80% 13%–17%
Median age (years) 12 8–10 7–9 8 10–12 10
Sex predisposition None to male None Male None None None
Animal size Smaller Larger Larger None — —
Site predilection Gingival, buccal, and Rostral mandible Maxillary gingiva Rostral mandible Tongue, pharynx, Gingiva
labial mucosa and hard palate and tonsils
Lymph node Common (41%–74%) Rare (<40%) Occasional None Rare Rare
metastasis Tonsil SCC up to (9%–28%)
73%
Distant metastasis Common (14%–92%) Rare (<36%) Occasional None Rare Rare (<20%)
(0%–71%)
Gross appearance Pigmented (67%) or Red, cauliflower, Flat, firm, ulcerated Red, cauliflower, Proliferative, Firm
amelanotic (33%), ulcerated ulcerated ulcerated
ulcerated
Bone involvement Common (57%) Common (77%) Common Common (80%– Common Common
(60%–72%) 100%)
Surgery response Fair to good Good Fair to good Excellent Poor Fair
Local recurrence 0%–59% 0%–50% 31%–60% 0%–11%
MST 5–17 months 9–26 months 10–12 months >28–64 months 45 days
1-Year survival 21%–35% 57%–91% 21%–50% 72%–100% <10%
rate
Radiation response Good Good Poor to fair Excellent Poor Poor
Response rate 83%–94% — — —
Local recurrence 11%–27% 31%–42% 32% 8%–18%
MST 4–12 months 16–36 months 7–26 months 37 months 90 days
1-Year survival 36%–71% 72% 76% >85%
rate
Best treatment Surgery and/ Surgery and/or Surgery and/or Surgery Surgery and Surgery and/or
or radiation ± radiation radiation radiation ± radiation
chemotherapy ± sensitizer
immunotherapy
Prognosis Fair to good Good to excellent Good Excellent Poor to fair Fair
MST <36 months 26–36 months 18–26 months >64 months 14 months
Cause of death Distant disease Local or distant Local disease Rarely tumor related Local disease Local disease
disease

MST, Mean survival time; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.
a References 11–21, 28–32, 37, 53, 57–60, 78, 84–86, 104–111.

In cats, the risk of developing oral SCC is significantly a significant increase in expression of p53 in SCC lesions com-
increased by 4-fold with the use of flea collars and high intake pared with cats with oral SCC not exposed to environmental
of either canned food in general or canned tuna fish specifi- smoke. For this reason, mutations of p53 may be involved in
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cally. Exposure to household tobacco smoke increases the the development and progression of smoke-related oral SCC
86
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risk of oral SCC by 2-fold in cats, and although this was in cats.
not statistically significant, smoke exposure is associated with