Page 248 - Veterinary Laser Therapy in Small Animal Practice

234 Veterinary Laser Therapy in Small Animal Practice

laser therapy implementation (cont.) assessing clinical progression 118–20
strategies (cont.) goniometry 121–2
making use of waiting rooms 170–1 pain assessment 120–1
patients with chronic pain conditions 170 fractures and osteotomies 110–11
reduced price package for post-ops 170 growing animals 111–12
leukotrienes (LTX) 16 metallic implants 112–13
lick granuloma 67–8 general treatment considerations
treatment parameters 209 dose 107–8
ligament frequency 109–10
healing 32–3 how often 110
injuries 113–14 power 108–9
stem cell use 32–3 treating in contact 106–7
light improving results
absorption 4–5, 6–8 anatomical considerations/tips for different areas
bio-targets 5–6 124–7
energy of 4 asking right questions 122–4
summary 9 laser benefits
targets within the cell 8–9 enhanced healing 106
therapeutic effect 9 improvement of functionality 106
wavelength and frequency 3–4 modulation of inflammatory response 106
light transport 43 pain reduction 106
attenuation via absorption 43–4, 47 muscle 114–15
dosage 48 trigger points 115–16
interpreting in vitro vs in vivo 48–9 tendon and ligament injuries 113–14
how much/which direction 44–8 treatment parameters 211
power 49 myocardial infarction 181
average vs peak 49–51
density and patient comfort 53–4 neoplastic growths 161–2
pulse frequency 50–1 nephrology 20–1
vs penetration 50 nerve healing and function 34–5
scatter as primary interaction 44, 45–6, 47 neurodegenerative disease experimental models 130
summary 54 neurological injury 181
treatment time and reciprocity 51–3 neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) 180
lipid mediators 16 nitric oxide (NO) 7, 9, 11–12, 18–19
lipoxygenase (LOX) 16 nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 18–19
liver 78 NMES see neuromuscular electrical stimulation
Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) 120 NOHZ see Nominal Ocular hazard Zone
LOAD see Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs Nominal Ocular hazard Zone (NOHZ) 164
LOX see lipoxygenase non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 14, 16,
LTX see leukotrienes 117, 157, 162–3, 171
lung damage 79 NOS see nitric oxide synthase
lymphedema 162 NRS see numerical rating scales
NSAIDs see non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
mast cells 15 numerical rating scales (NRS) 25–6
metallic implants 112–13 nutritional deficits 67
MFS see Modified Frankel Score
microglia 19–20 OA see osteoarthritis
Modified Frankel Score (MFS) 127 oral treatments 210
mucocutaneous conditions 209 orthopedic procedures 165
mucosal inflammation 19 osteoarthritis (OA) 21, 113–14, 116–18, 181
chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced mucositis 162 osteomyelitis 111
muscles otitis 71–3, 84
cardiac 33–4 treatment parameters 210
conditions 114–15 otohematoma 210
trigger points 115–16 oxygen 8, 13
healing 33–4 oxygenation 12–13
injury 21
skeletal 33 PAF see platelet activating factor
smooth 34 pain 22–3
musculoskeletal conditions 106 acute 22, 24, 26, 27
arthritis 116–18 arthritic 117

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