Page 216 - Veterinary Laser Therapy in Small Animal Practice

202 Veterinary Laser Therapy in Small Animal Practice

Figure B.7 Shoulder internal rotation. Figure B.9 Elbow extension.

• Prevent movement of the scapula away from the Radioulnar joints
body wall.
• One arm of the goniometer is parallel to the Radioulnar pronation/supination
ground, the other follows the humeral longitudi-
nal axis. With the fulcrum over the shoulder joint, • Evertion/invertion of the paw from the head of the
the external/internal rotation angle is measured metacarpals.
by rotating the antebrachium inwards/outwards
respectively (rotation of the antebrachium pro-
duces a rotation of the shoulder in the opposite
direction).

Elbow

Elbow flexion/extension

• Lateral view.
• Humeral longitudinal axis to antebrachium longitu-
dinal axis.

Figure B.8 Elbow flexion. Figure B.10 Ready for pronation.

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