Page 3 - ARTIKEL SEMINAR BIOLOGI_NOVA DAMAYANTI_KLP 1

Antibacterial Activity of Green Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L.) Against Staphylococcus
aureus Bacteria by Disc Diffusion Method

Ni Made Nova Damayanti
1913041019 / VIB
Study Program Biology Education, Biology and Marine Fisheries Department, Mathemathic
and Science Faculty, Ganesha University of Education
nova221101@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Piper betle L is a plant from Indonesia that has a myriad of benefits, whether it is for health,
beauty, or for religious ceremonies. Over time, the price of many chemical drugs has
increased, in addition, many side effects of chemical drugs for health make some people
switch back to traditional medicine. Herbal plants are very easy to find around the
residential environment, especially the easier of getting information on the internet related to
the active composition contained in plants. One of the natural resources are often used for
traditional medicine is Piper betle L. The purpose of this study is:(1) knowing the description
of Piper betle L.(2) knowing the description of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria.(3) knowing
the antibacterial characteristic of Piper betle L. (4) knowing the meaning of maceration
extraction.(5) knowing the meaning of disc diffusion method. To determine the antibacterial
activity of Green Betel Leaf extract (Piper betle L.) against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria
by disc diffusion method, the author explored the material from various sources in the form of
journals and other sources. Thus, it can be concluded that: (1) Betel is a plant in Indonesia
that vines on other tree trunks. Betel plants can reach a height of 5-15 m. The betel stem is
greenish-brown, round in shape, and there are segments for the roots out. The leaves are
heart-shaped green, pointed, grow alternating hoses, stemmed and emit an aromatic smell
when kneaded. (2) Staphylococcus bacteria are one of the bacteria that often cause infection
in humans. Staphylococcus belongs to the family micrococcaceae. These bacteria are round
in shape like grapes. Staphylococcus measures 1μm, arranged in the form of irregular
clusters, pairs and does not form spores.(3) Betel leaves can be used as antibacterial because
it contained 4.2% essential oil. The oil consists mostly of beterfenol which is an isomer of
euganol allypyrocatechine, cineol methyl euganol, caryophyllen, karikol, kavibekol, estragol,
and terpinen. (4) The method of maceration is carried out by introducing the appropriate
plant extracts and solvents into an inert container that is tightly sealed at room temperature.
(5)The diffusion method uses disc paper as a medium to absorb saturated antimicrobial
materials into the test material. After that the disc paper is placed on the surface of the
medium, so that it has been inoculated with a test microbial culture, then incubated for 18-24
hours at a temperature of 35°C. A clear area or zone around the disk paper is observed to
indicate the presence or absence of microbial growth.

Keywords: Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.), Staphylococcus aureus, Green Betel Leaf
Antibacterial (Piper betle L.), Maceration Extraction, and Disc Diffusion