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Eliminate the Hazard

Elimination is always the best option as it removes the hazard. This can be achieved by avoiding
the use of certain processes or activities.

For example, buy in ready-cut timber rather than using a circular saw (this removes the risk of
amputations), or use battery-powered tools rather than electrically powered (this removes the
risk of an electric shock).

Substitute the Hazard

Substitute the hazard by replacing the material or process with a less hazardous one.

The process still takes place, but the remaining risk is low.

For example, substitute a corrosive chemical with an irritant chemical that is health risk, or if
working at height use a mobile working platform instead reduces the risk of falling.

Engineering Controls

Engineering controls are methods that are built into the design of the plant equipment or
process to reduce the risk by placing a barrier between the hazard and employee or designing
the equipment or processes, so the risk is reduced.

• Isolate, enclose or separate

These controls rely on keeping the hazard in and the worker out (or vice-versa)

For example, providing a separate walkway for pedestrians in a loading bay, a locked cupboard
for dangerous chemicals, or high-voltage cables placed at a high level so they cannot be reached.

• Automation and mechanisation

Many tasks have now become automated through the use of modern equipment. Automated
processes stop the worker carrying out the task therefore the worker is not exposed to hazards.
Repetitive tasks that cause upper limb disorders may be automated, for example labelling and
sorting. A machine may assist the worker to carry out the task so that the task is still completed
but the risk is reduced through the use of equipment and machinery, for example using a hoist
to lift a load

• Design, guards and ventilation

A process may be altered to reduce the risk, for example using pellets and not powder would
reduce the risk of airborne particles

Machines should be designed so they are safe to use and any remaining risk should be
minimised with the guarding of dangerous parts.

ENSIGN| Unit IG1 – Element 3 – Managing Risks – Understanding People and Processes 33