Page 149 - Full Solutions 2nd Advanced Student Book_Neat

.t Q fnCn Listen. Match the six music clips with the musical Read the texts. Which type(s) of music:
styles below. Which do you [ike or distike? 1 possibty has a bad influence on young people?
.. 2 was sung by black slaves?
3 is sung in churches?
4 was at its most popular in the first two decades of the
$*ffiHffi Worl< in pairs. Match the singers and performers
twentieth century?
below with the musical styles in exercise 1 that they are
associated with. 5 developed in New Orleans?
6 often has as its subiect matter problems experienced by
1 Louis Armstrong 4 Scott Joplin
2 Aretha Franktin 5 B. B. King btack peopte in the USA?
3 Snoop Dogg 6 Mahalia Jackson ffiH.ffiffi Read the texts again. Tettyour partner in your own

words two interesting facts you discovered about the music.
How many more blackAmerican musicians and singers can
you name? What do you l<now about them?

tnj{!ya!,s- flrd pop e_el
Spirituals are religious folk songs that were created by btack
slaves in the USA in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The staves were converted to Christianity, and the songs were
an expression of their retigious faith and also communicated the
hardship and suffering they endured. Btack gospeI music has its
roots in spiritual music, originating in churches in northern cities
in the 1920s. lt has survived as the most important music in
churches with predominantly black congregations.

Bagtime
Ragtime had its origins in the marching music played by
African-American bands in the 1890s. lt is characterised by a
syncopated or'ragged' rhythm, hence its name. lt was at the
height of its popularity between about 1900 and 1918, after
which it fell out of favour. Scott Joplin, a virtuoso pianist, became
famous as a composer of ragtime music. Many of his pieces,
such as The Entertainer are stil[ widety played today.

Blues
Blues originated in the African-American communities in the Soul
southern states of the USA in the late nineieenth century. The
Soul originated in the 1950s and 1.960s, in northern US cities
lyrics are usuatty sad, often describing troubles experienced
til<e Chicago. lt combines elements of gospel music and blues
in African-American society. Earty blues songs were typicatly
and, like the blues, reflects the experience of young African-
sung with a guitar or banjo and harmonica accompaniment. ln
Americans. ln the 1960s, Detroit-based Motown Records
the 1950s, btues had a huge influence on mainstream popular
produced a number of soul hits by artists such as Stevie Wonder,
music and inspired white British musicians such as Eric Clapton
Gtadys Knight, Marvin Gaye and the Temptations.
in the 1960s.
[[q hon
Jazz developed in the last decade ofthe nineteenth century Hip hop evolved in the 1970s in New York at parties hetd
by groups of young blacl< people. lt has its roots in the
in New Orleans from btues, ragtime, and brass band music
usually heard at festivals and funerals. There was a strong strong driving rhythms of soul and disco music, and is often
'party atmosphere' in the city and music was atways in demand. accompanied by'rapping', chanted rhyming speech. The lyrics
are frequentty potitical or dealwith sociaI issues like poverty
Scores of jazz bands formed and played in the city's bars and
dancehalls, often competingwith one anotherto playthe most and racism, but have often been criticised for being misogynistic
and gtorifying gun culture. lt is often ctaimed that hlp hop music
demanding and entertaining music. lmprovisation atso became
an important part of New 0rteans jazz. provides a voice for disenfranchised youth in poor urban areas.

148 9 - Culture '' Al[ thatJazz