Page 70 - GPHS Environmental Public Health Standards (Foundation of Public Health) v1
P. 70
Norovirus fecal oral route transmission
Viral agents, particularly noroviruses, are now the primary cause of AGE outbreaks on cruise ships.
These viral illnesses may be spread both ashore and on board:
From person-to-person
spread
High viral load in people
with active symptoms of
illness (AGE)
By food which is By potable water or Through recreational water
Through environmental
contamination of surfaces by contaminated (either at the ice which is facilities (RWFs) if used by
people with active symptoms source, during preparation or contaminated at people with active
during self-service) source or during use symptoms of illness
