Page 170 - PG 101-Course notes مذكرة النظري 24-25 with spec

Medicinal plants (PG 101) Level 1 Clinical Pharmacy-PharmD

2- FORMATION OF ACETYL COENZYME A

➢ Pyruvate, the end-product of glycolysis, passes through the outer mitochondrial

membrane, where CO 2 is split off of the pyruvate making a Acetyl group (removal

of one carbon atom from pyruvic acid and release of CO 2). At the same time,

Vitamin C is turned into Coenzyme A. The Acetyl group combines with Coenzyme

A, making Acetyl-CoA.

3- KREBS CYCLE (TRICARBOXYLIC OR CITRIC ACID CYCLE)

OR AEROBIC RESPIRATION OR AEROBIC OXIDATION OF PYRUVIC ACID)

- It takes place in the matrix of mitochondria

- In the last steps of glycolysis, 2ATP and 2NADPH were produced, as

summarized below.

But with a little oxygen, so much more energy can be made. That is what occurs

in the pathways of aerobic respiration. Remember that in aerobic respiration, 36 ATP

are produced.

So, aerobic respiration produces 34 more ATP molecules than glycolysis,

anaerobic respiration, does. How does this happen?

● Acetyl-CoA enters the first major cycle for aerobic respiration, the Krebs

Cycle. The Krebs cycle is similar to the Calvin cycle, in that organic molecules are

being recycled, in a loop of chemical reactions. An organic molecule, in this case

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